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Crossing over is when matching chromosomes line up along the equator and exchange genes. When does this occur
Meosis phase 1
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Process in phase 1 of meosis when genes line up along the equator of the cell and exchange genes or groupas of linked genes with one another
Crossing over
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The process by which primitive sex cells already formed in the seminiferous tubules of a new born baby boy later transform into mature sperm/spermatoza
Spermatogenesis
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Another name for primitive sex cells
Spermatogonia
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Ususally begins about the time of puberty and continues through a mans life
Spermatogenesis
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what process produces spermatoza, gamets of the male parent?
Spermatogeneisi
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What is the process of producing ova the female parent gamete
Oogenesis
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What is a mature follicle that is ready to burst open from the ovary's surface
Graafan Follicle
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After leaving the fallopian folicles how long does it live
1 day
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Where does fertilization occur?
- The outer 1/3 of the fallopian tube
- Uterin tube
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Up to how long after sexual intercourse can a male sperm still fertilize an egg
3 days, male sperm can live inside thw womans falopian tubes
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Anchors the fetus to the uterus and serves as a nutritive bridge
Function of the placenta
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Serves as an excretory, respiratory and endocrine function for the fetus
Placenta
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Seperates the maternal and fetal blood supply
Placenta
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Secretes large amounts of HCG after fertilization, which stimulates the corpus luteum to continue its secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Placenta
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What is the solid mass of cells that form once a zygote begins to cleave or divide
Morula
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The outer layer cells of the blastocyst are called
trophoblast
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The inner cell mass of the blastocyst forms a structure with two cavities called
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what developes from the tropoblast to become an important fetal membrane
Chorion
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An extenstion of the blood vesels of the chronion that brings embryotic circulation to the placenta
Chorionic villi
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What is the length of time period for the embryotic phase of developement
fertilization to end of 8th week of gestation
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What are the primary germ layers
- 3 layers of specialized cells of the embryo
- Endoderm
- mesoderm
- ectoderm
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What structures would be derived from the mesoderm
- Forms most of the structures between the endo and ectoderm
- dermis of skin
- skeletal muscle
- bones
- kidneys
- gonads
- many glands of the body
- components of the circulatory system
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What is the process of the primary germ layers developing into many kinds of tissue
Histogenesis
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How many stages of labor are there
3
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Period of first uterine contraction till complete dilation of the cervix
Stage 1 of labor
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Period of time from maximum dilation of cervix till exit of the baby
Stage two of labor
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Period of time of expulsion of the placenta
Stage 3 of labor
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What happens to the head in proportion to the body as age developes
The head becomes proportionally smaller as body develops
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What happens with birth weight during the first 4-6 months
It doubles
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What happens to birth weight during the first year
it triples
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The length of the child increases by how much within the first year
50%
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At what age do the decidious teeth begin to appear
6 months
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What happens to the kidneys between the age of 30-75
# of Functional nephrons decrease by 50%
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Fatty acids build up in blood vessel walls and narrow the passageway for the movement of blood often lead to the eventual blockage of the coronary arteries and a "heart attack
Atherosclerosis
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Occurs when fatty accumilations and other substances in blood vessels calcify, and cause actual hardening of the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
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Mature gametes contain how many chromosomes
23
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What is the hapliod number of chromosomes
23
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What is the diploid number of chromosomes
- 46
- total number of the human body
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A-dominant trait
a-recessive trait and sickness
What is Aa
- Aa- Carrier
- aa= recessive trait and carrier
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Chromotin strand or chromosome is also called or contain
DNA
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Red-green color blindness affects who more than?
Males more than females
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What can be special about diseased genes
Can provide some biological advantage
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Chromosomal disorder known as Trisomy 21 produces what?
Down Syndrom
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WHat chromosomal disorder is known to cause down syndrom
Trisomy 21
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What mistake in meosis causes Trisomy 21
Nondisjunction- when a pair of chromosomes fail to seperate
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What is it called when a chromosome pair fails to seperate
Nondisjunction
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Inheretance of mtDNA occurs only from whom
The mother
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What is when a gene has a deletion of a single codon, abnormally causes impairment of chloride ion transport accross cell membranes
Cystic fibrosis
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A recessive condition involving the failure to make a subunit of an essential lipid-processing enzyme, hexosaminidase
Tay-Sachs disease
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What percent of DNA carries protien coding genes
less than 2%
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