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substances with cleaning and polishing properties utilized in the formulation of a dentifrice to be compatible with fluoride compounds and other ingredients and not alter the tooth structure unfavorable
abrasive system
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producing acid or acidity
acidogenic
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a group of minerals of the general formula Ca10(PO4)6X2 wherein the X might included hydroxyl (OH) carbonate (CO) fluoride (F) or oxygen (O), crystalline mineral component of hard tissues
apatite
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Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 the form of apatite that is the principal mineral component of teeth bones and calculus
hydroxyapatite
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the form of hydroxyapatite in which fluoride ions have replaced some of the hydroxyl ions with fluoride, the apatite is less soluble and therefore more resistant to acids formed from carbohydrate intake
fluorapatite
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apatite formed when low concentrations of fluoride react with tooth mineral; at higher concentrations calcium fluoride is formed
fluorhydroxyapitite
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exposure of a tooth surface to an acid attach; acid is from the action of dental biofilm and cariogenic food ingestioin
cariogenic challenge
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exerting an inhibitory action on the progress of dental caries
cariostatic
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lowering the amount of fluoride in fluoridated water to an optimum level for the prevention of dental caries and dental fluorosis
defluoridation
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breakdown of the tooth structure with a loss of mineral content, primarily calcium and phosphorus
demineralization
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with reference to a product an efficacious product produces a statistically and clinically significant benefit under ideal testing conditions in carefully controlled clinical trials
efficacy
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a salt of hydrofluoric acid occurs in many tissues and is stored primarily in bones and teeth
fluoride
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form of enamel hypomineralization due to excessive ingestion of fluoride during the development and mineralization of the teeth; depending on the the length of exposure and the ppm of the fluoride the area may appear as a small white spot or as severe brown staining with pitting
fluorosis
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semisolid or solid phase of a colloid solution
gel
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process by which sugar is metabolized by bacteria to produce acid
glycolysis
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deficient calcification
hypocalcification
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defect of enamel maturation caused by hereditary or systemic irregularities
enamel hypocalcification
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occurs when foods and beverages processed in a fluoridated community are imported and consumed in a nonfluoridated community
halo or diffusion effect
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stage or process of becoming mature or attaining maximal development with respect to tooth development, it results from the continuous dynamic exchange of ions into the surface of the enamel from pellical, dental bioflim and oral fluids
maturation
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-
parts per million; measure used to designate the amount of fluoride used for optimum level in fluoridated water, dentifrice, and other fluoride containing preparations
ppm
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restoration of mineral elements in a tooth surface enhanced by presence of fluoride; remineralized lesions are more resistant to initiation of dental caries than is normal tooth structure
remineralization
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demineralized area below the surface of the enamel created by acid that has passed through micropores between enamel rods subject to remineralization by action of fluoridee
subsurface lesion
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type of gel that sets in a gel like state but becomes fluid under stress the fluid form permits the solution to flow into interdental areas
thixotropic
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term used to describe a small area on the surface enamel that contrasts in appearance with the rest of the surface and may be visible only when the tooth is dried; two types of these can be differentiated an area of demineralization and an area of fluorosis
white spot
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