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Metabolism
sum of all chemical rxn; catabolic rx (break down of large chemicals and release of energy) anabolic build up large chemicals
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Ingestion
the acquisition of food and other raw materials
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assimilation
building up of new tissues from digested food materials
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respiration
the consumption of oxygen by the body. Cells use oxygen to convert glucose into ATP
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All living things are composed primarily of the elements ____
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen , sulfur, and phosphorus
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What is the composition of carbohydrates? and ratio
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
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Monosaccharides
like glucose and fructose are single sugar subunits: D-fructose, D-glucose, D galactose, D-mannose
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Disaccharide
such as maltose and sucrose joined by two monosaccharide via dehydration synthesis
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Polysaccharides are form by what reaction? broken down?
form by dehydration and broken down by hydrolysis
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hydrophobic and acidic location on lipids
hydrophobic: long carbon chains; acidic: carboxylic acid group
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composition of lipids
3 fatty acid molecules bonded to a single glycerol backbone
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Lipid derivatives functions
food storage in animals, release more energy per gram weight, insulation and protection
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Name 5 lipid derivatives
phospholipids, waxes, steroids, carotenoids, porphyrins
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composition of phospholipids
glycerol, two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing alcohol
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composition of waxes
esters of fatty acids and monohydroxylic alcohols
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composition of steroids
three fused cyclohexane rings and one fused cyclopentane ring
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composition of carotenoids
fatty acid-like carbon chains containing conjugated double bonds and carrying 6-membered carbons rings at each end
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composition of porphyrins
four joined pyrrole rings and often complexed with a metal
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Proteins
- composed of C,H,O, and N but may contain P and S
- polymers of amino acids, joined by peptide bonds through dehydration rxn
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Protein structures classification
- Simple protein - entirely amino acids
- albumins and globulins - globular in nature, functional proteins that act as carriers or enzymes
- scleroproteins - fibrous in nature and act as a structural protein (ex: collegen)
- conjugated proteins - simple protein + at least one nonprotein fraction
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