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What are the three regions in Africa?
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How is the climate in the savannas?
- Trees, Bushes, And Grass
- Plants and animals survive wellSoils not fertile but methods to make them fertile were used
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How is the climate in the desert?
- Very little rainfallSahara desert in Northern Africa is the largest desert
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How is the climate in the forest?
- Much rainTropical Rain Forest
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What two rivers join together to create the Nile River
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Which way does the Nile flow and where does it end?
- It Flows North
- Ends at the Mediterranean Sea
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How was it possible to farm in the desert.
The Nile's flood waters carried silt to the water banks.
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What is PLATEA?
- Area of flat land.Rivers flow platea to coast
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What is SILT?
Silt is a mixture of soft soils.
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What is the disadvantage of the Nile?
Dangerous cataracts caused problems to traders.
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What did they do with wild cattle, sheep, and goats?
They domesticated them to help with farming.
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What is Ivory?
Ivory is a white substance made in elephant tusks.
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Where is Lower Nubia?
Which Nubia is close to sea level?
Which Nubia has rocky cliffs and hills?
- North
- Lower Nubia
- Upper Nubia
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How did people survive the harsh desert climate?
The Nile provided water and good/rich soil.
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What was Nubia rich in?
- Nubia was rich in minerals like...Iron
- Copper
- &
- Gold
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The earliest Nubian kingdom was...
The Most powerful Nubian kingdom was...
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Where does most of what we know about Nubians come from?
Burial sites
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Where did they keep dead people?
In pyramids simalar to the Egyptians.
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How did Nubians get food?
- 1.Farming2.Hunting and Gathering
- 3.Raising Cattle
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How did they use their land for wealth?
Their land had valuble reasorces that they could trade.
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Who did Nubia trade with
- Egypt to the North
- African Savannas
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What routes did they use for trading
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Why is Nubia's location important for trading
- It is right in the middle and is a linking route for traders.
- Egyptians wanted luxury goods from the south
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When does Egypt invade Lower Nubia and Why?
- Middle Kingdom- Wealth & Land
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What was Nubia culture like before & after Egypt's invasion
- Before- Skilled farmers, craft workers, & traders
- After-Adopted Egyptian culture
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How did Kush rise to power.
- Egypt began to weaken
- Kush grew in power
- Kush became independent kingdom ruled by powerful kings from Napata
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Kerma
- Upper Nubia
- Built strong army to defend against Egypt middle kingdom
- Finally got conquered
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Location of Napata
- Along upper nile where trade caravans crossed
- That is how Kush grew wealthy
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Who conquered Egpyt?
Kashta and son, Piye and ruled Egypt & Kush from Napata
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Fall of Kush
- Assyrians from Mesopatamia empire invaded
- Iron weapons
- Drove Kushites back to South
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What did Kush learn from Assyrians?
- How to use iron instead of copper and stone - stonger
- Iron weapons increased military power
- Better tools to grow grain and other crops
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Why did Kush rulers leave Napata and where did they go?
- To go farther south, away from Assyrians
- New capital = Meroe
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Significance of Meroe
- Access to Nile for trade and transpo
- Access to Red Sea
- Land contained rich deposits or iron ore
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Kush burial
Buried in chambers under pyramids
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Kush trading goods
- Iron goods
- Textiles
- Ivory
- Gold
- Woods
- Leopard Skins
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What are textiles?
Cloth fabrics that are woven or knitted?
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Who conquered Meroe?
Axum, burned it down
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Who did Kush trade with?
Far away nations such as Arabia, India, China
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