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axial
pertaining to the central part of the body, the head and trunk
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cephalic
pertaining to the head
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cranial
pertaining to the portion of the skull surrounding the brain
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facial
pertaining to the face
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frontal
pertaining to the forehead
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orbital
pertaining to the eye
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otic
pertaining to the ear
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nasal
pertaining to the nose
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buccal
pertaining to the cheek
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oral
pertaining to the mouth
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mental
pertaining to the chin
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occipital
pertaining to the back of head
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cervical
pertaining to the neck
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thoracic
pertaining to the chest
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sternal
pertaining to the breast bone
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pectoral
pertaining to the chest
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mammary
pertaining to the breast
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abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
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umbilical
pertaining to the navel
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coxal
pertaining to the hip
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pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis
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pubic
pertaining to the genital area
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dorsal
pertaining to the back
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scapular
pertaining to the shoulder blade region
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vertebral
pertaining to the spinal column
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lumbar
pertaining to the area of the back between the lowest rib and buttocks
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appendicular
pertaining to the extremities or limbs
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acromial
pertaining to the highest point of the shoulder
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axillary
pertaining to the armpit
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brachial
pertaining to the arm
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antecubital
pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the elbow
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olecranal
pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the elbow
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antebrachial
pertaining to the forearm
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carpal
pertaining to the wrist
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manual
pertaining to the hand
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palmar
pertaining to the palm of the hand
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digital
pertaining to the digits (fingers and toes)
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inguinal
pertaining to the groin where the thigh attaches to the pelvis
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gluteal
pertaining to the buttocks
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femoral
pertaining to the thigh
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patellar
pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the knee
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popliteal
pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the knee
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crural
pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the leg
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fibular or peroneal
pertaining to the lateral side of the leg
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sural
pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the leg
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tarsal
pertaining to the ankle
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pedal
pertaining to the foot
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plantar
pertaining to the sole of foot
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calcaneal
pertaining to the heel
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anterior (ventral)
closer to the front of body
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posterior (dorsal) closer to the back of body
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medial
closer to the midline of body
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lateral
farther from midline of body
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intermediate
between two structures
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ipsilateral
on same side of body
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contralateral
on opposite sides of body
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proximal
nearer to point of attachment of limb to trunk
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distal
farther from point of attachment of limb to trunk
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superficial
closer to surface of body
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deep
farther from surface of body
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sagittal planes
pass vertically, divide right and left
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midsagittal plane
vertical through midline, equal
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parasagittal plane
vertical in unequal parts
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frontal (coronal) plane
vertical, divide anerior and posterior sections
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transverse plane
horizontal through body, produces superior and inferior sections
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oblique plane
through body at angle
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longitudinal sections
cut in half
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cross section
perpendicular to axis ( like a circle)
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organ system
group of organs that work together to perform a common function
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homeostasis
state of equilibrium in the bodys internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body's regulatory processes
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body cavities
space that contains one or more organs, protects, separates, and supports internal organs
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thoracic cavity
- space enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and vertebral column
- contains pericardial cavity (heart) and two pleural cavities (lungs)
- mediastum
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mediastinum
area within thoracic cavity, extends from neck to diaphragm and sternum to vertebral column, includes heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, and bronchi
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diaphragm
separates thoracic cavity from abdominalpelvic cavity
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ventral cavity
includes thoracic and abdominal pelvic
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abdominalpelvic category
includes abdominal cavity and peritoneal cavity, pelvic cavity
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abdominal cavity
superior portion located between diaphragm and brim of the pelvic, contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, kidneys, appendix, and part of the large intestine. includes peritoneal cavity
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retroperitoneal
located posterior to the peritoneum, include pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, and portions of the large intestine, small intestine, aorta, and inferior vena cave.
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pelvic category
inferior portion of the abdominopelvic category, contains part of the large intestine,rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs.
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four quadrants
right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower (according to patients point of view
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nine regions
right and left hypochondriac (under cartilage), right and left lumbar, rig and left inguinal (groin), epigastric (upper stomach), umbilical, hypogastric (pubic)
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serous membrane
covers organs, lubrication to reduce friction, named for cavity if surrounds, made of two layers separated by serous fluid (visceral and parietal)
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visceral layer
covers the organs
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parietal layer
attaches to and covers body wall
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