ESR 172

A comparatively small habitat separated from a major habitat of the same kind.

• - The smaller the island, the fewer species
• - The farther away the island is from a continent(mainland) the fewer species it will have

Physical and biological changes that occur along the transition between two habitat types.

- Effects survivability of species: temperature difference, exposure to light, etc.

Staggered setting- checkerboard (more edge!!)

Minimal- Block (less edge!!)

Allows migration between parks or preserves- insurance against catastrophe

• 1. Make observations- develop a question
• 2. Develop a tentative answer to the question- hypothesis
• 3. Design a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis
• 4. Collect data
• 5. Interpret data through graphs or other means
• 6. Draw a conclusion from the data
• 7. Compare conclusion with hypothesis- support or disprove

Manipulated by scientist

Responding variable- depends on independent variable

Exact duplicate of experiment without independent variable

A tentative answer to a question that can be tested and capable of being disproved.

Grand scheme that relates and explains many observations and is supported by a great deal of evidence

Like when you predict something is going to happen- it's like a guess mofo, like a guess

Pipeline discharge into water (Factories releasing shit into water from a pipe)

runoff from land into water (car wash)

• Occurrence of an unwanted change in the environment
• -caused by introduction of unwanted materials
• -production of harmful conditions (heat, sound, etc.)

Materials(pollutants) that are poisonous to people and other living things

• Burning coal in power plants
• Cement kilns
• Compact fluorescent bulbs
• Mercury mines

• Old paint
• Old plumbing systems (lead pipes)
• “Leaded” gasoline

the accumulation or increase in concentration of a substance in living tissue as it moves through a food web.

Substances that act like hormones\

Example- Phthalates

Synthetic organic compounds often containing chlorine, that do not easily break down in the environment.

Example- DDT

Heat pollution- Occurs when heat released into water or air produces undesirable effects

• Unwanted sound-
• - Above 80dB potentially dangerous for humans
• -110dB's damage can occur
• - Above 140 dB cause pain

Energy of motion (water flowing over a dam, a wheel rolling down a hill)

Stored energy (a car battery, a stretched rubber-band)

Random motion of atoms and molecules- fire, boiling water

Energy of electromagnetic waves

Example- Radio waves, x rays

energy produced through reactions that occur in chemical compounds

Example- Match, fuels such as gas

Easier to do work, more work can be done- cause more change

Harder to do work, less work done

Energy cannot be created or destroyed- Energy can be converted from one form to another

Energy goes from a higher quality form to a lower quality form

(Energy delivered/energy supplied) * 100%

The ratio of the minimum amount of work or energy required to perform a task to the amount actually used.

Getting by with less demand for energy.

Yield more energy output from a given amount of input energy

Capture and use waste heat