-
Major Classes of Medications: Drugs that sensitize the body to insulin and/or control hepatic glucose production?
-Thiazolidinediones (TZD)
-Biguanides
-
Major Classes of Medications: Drugs that stimulate the pancreas to make more insulin?
-Sulfonylureas
-Meglitinides
-DPP-IV Inhibitors
-Incretin mimetics
-
Major Classes of Medications: Drugs that slow the absorption of glucose from the gut?
-Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
-
Major Classes of Medications: Reduces glucose production?
-DPP-IV Inhibitors
-Thiazolidinediones (TZD)
-Biguanides
-Sulfonylureas (rate)
-
glyburide
Brand name(s): Micronase, Glynase, DiaBeta
Drug Class: Sulfonylureas
- Adverse Effects:
- -hypoglycemia
- -weight gain
- Other Information:
- -Sulfonylureas increase endogenous insulin secretion
- -Reduces rate of hepatic glucose production
- -Generally the least expensive class of medication
-
glimeperide
Brand name(s): Amaryl
Drug Class: Sulfonylureas
- Adverse Effects:
- -hypoglycemia
- -weight gain
- Other Information:
- •Sulfonylureas increase endogenous insulin secretion
- •Reduces rate of hepatic glucose production
- •Generally the least expensive class of medication
-
glipizide
Brand name(s): Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL
Drug Class: Sulfonylureas
- Adverse Effects:
- -hypoglycemia
- -weight gain
- Other information:
- •Sulfonylureas increase endogenous insulin secretion
- •Reduces rate of hepatic glucose production
- •Generally the least expensive class of medication
-
pioglitazone
Brand name: Actos
Drug Class: Thiazolidinediones
- Adverse Effects:
- –weight gain
- –edema
- –hypoglycemia (if taken with insulin or agents that stimulate insulin release)
- –contraindicated in patients with abnormal liver function or CHF
- Other information:
- •Decrease insulin resistance by making muscle
- and adipose cells more sensitive to insulin.
- •Suppress hepatic glucose production.
- •6 weeks for maximum effect
- •Improves HDL cholesterol and plasma
- triglycerides; usually LDL neutral
-
rosiglitazone
Brand name: Avandia
Drug Class: Thiazolidinediones
- Adverse Effects:
- –weight gain
- –edema
- –hypoglycemia (if taken with insulin or agents that stimulate insulin release)
- –contraindicated in patients with abnormal liver function or CHF
- Other information:
- •Decrease insulin resistance by making muscleand adipose cells more sensitive to insulin
- •Suppress hepatic glucose production
- •6 weeks for maximum effect
- •Improves HDL cholesterol and plasmatriglycerides; usually LDL neutral
- Warning:
- Congestive Heart Failure and Myocardial Ischemia
-
metformin
Brand name(s): Glucophage, Glucophage XL
Drug Class: Biguanides
- Adverse Effects:
- -Diarrhea and Abdominal Discomfort
- -Lactic Acidosis if improperly prescribed
- Other Information:
- •Decrease hepatic glucose production
- •Increase insulin-mediated peripheral glucose
- uptake
-
repaglinide
Brand name: Prandin
Drug Class: meglitinides
- Adverse Effects:
- –Hypoglycemia (although may be less than with sulfonylureas if patient has a variable eating schedule)
- –Weight gain
- Other Information:
- •Stimulate insulin secretion (rapidly and for a short duration) in the presence of glucose.
-
acarbose
Brand name: Precose
Drug Class: Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
- Adverse Effects:
- –Flatulence or abdominal discomfort
- Patient Education:
- •Take with food!!
- Other Information:
- •Block the enzymes that digests glucose in the
- small intestine (delays glucose uptake)
-
miglitol
Brand name: Glyset
Drug Class: Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
- Adverse Effects:
- –Flatulence or abdominal discomfort
- Patient Education:
- •Take with food!!
- Other Information:
- •Block the enzymes that digests glucose in thesmall intestine (delays glucose uptake)
-
sitagliptin
Brand name: Januvia
Drug Class: Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DPP4) Inihibitor
- Adverse Effects:
- -GI side effects
- Efficacy:
- –Decrease fasting blood glucose 10-15 mg/dl
- –Decrease A1C 0.5-0.6%
- –Decrease post-prandial glucose 50 mg/dl
- Other Information:
- •Stimulates the beta cell to release insulin
- •Decreases hepatic glucose production
-
exenatide
Brand name: Byetta
Drug Class: Incretin Mimetics
- Other Information:
- •Incretin: hormone in the gut which act on the pancreas to increase insulin production
- •Stimulates pancreas to make more insulin
- •Increases B-cell growth/replication
- •Treats type 2 diabetes
- •Administered SQ
-
Insulin Aspart
Brand Name(s): NovoLOG, NovoLOG FlexPen
Drug Class: Rapid Acting Insulin
- Patient Education:
- •Given SQ
- •Proper injection is KEY
- •Stored in fridge or at room temperature
- –Unopened vials kept in fridge until expiration date
- –Opened vials good at room temp for 30 days
-
Insulin Glargine
Brand Name(s): Lantus
Drug Class: Long Acting Insulin
- Patient Education:
- •Given SQ
- •Proper injection is KEY
- •Stored in fridge or at room temp
- –Unopened vials kept in fridge until expiration date
- –Opened vials good at room temp for 30 days
-
Insulin Lispro
Brand Name(s): HumaLOG
Drug Class: Rapid Acting Insulin
- Patient Education:
- •Given SQ
- •Proper injection is KEY
- •Stored in fridge or at room temp
- –Unopened vials kept in fridge until expiration date
- –Opened vials good at room temp for 30 days
-
Insulin
Brand Name(s): Iletin® II Regular Purified Pork
Drug Class: Insulin
- Patient Education:
- •Given SQ
- •Proper injection is KEY
- •Stored in fridge or at room temp
- –Unopened vials kept in fridge until expiration date
- –Opened vials good at room temp for 30 days
-
Ibuprofen
Brand name(s): Motrin, Advil
Drug Class: NSAID
- Indications for Use:
- -Inflammatory disease
- -Rheumatoid disorders
- -mild to moderate pain
- -fever
- Adverse Effects:
- -Abdominal pain
- -Constipation
- -Indigestion
- Patient Education:
- -Take with food or milk
- -Avoid Aspirin
- -Adult Max Dose = 3.2 grams per day
- Patient Dosing:
- Pediatric dosing:
- -Approved for use in children 6 months of age and older
- -Temp <102.5: 5mg/kg/DOSE
- -Temp >102.5: 10mg/kg/DOSE
- -Dosed every 6-8 hours
- -Max dose: 40mg/kg/DAY
- Adult dosing:
- -Max adult dose 3.2 grams/day
- Ibuprofen Dosing Chart for Pediatrics:
![Image Upload 2](/flashcards/images/image_placeholder.png)
- Ibuprofen Guide to Dosing for Children:
-
Acetaminophen (APAP)
Brand name(s): Tylenol
Drug Class: Analgesic
Indication for use: Relief of mild to moderate pain and/or fever.
- Adverse Effects:
- -rash
- -anemia
- Patient Education:
- -VERY weak COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor (no significant anti-inflammatory effects)
- -Ethanol use (increases risk of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity)
- Patient Dosing:
- Children < 12 years of age:
- -10 to 15 mg/kg q4h prn
- -do not exceed 5 doses (2.6 g) in 24 hours
- Adults:
- -325 to 650 mg q4h
- -1000 mg 3 to 4 times per day
- -do not exceed 4 g in one day
APAP Dosing Guide:
-
Aspirin
Generic name(s): Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic acid
- Drug Class: Analgesic, NSAID *Aspirin was the first NSAID
- Indications for Use:
- -mild to moderate pain
- -inflammation
- -fever
- -prevention of MI & other cardiac conditions
- -inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
- -Debate about adult dosage (81 mg vs. 325 mg)
- Contraindications:
- -hypersensitivity
- -bleeding disorders (e.g. with warfarin)
- -Children <16 years old should not use Aspirin (association with Reye's syndrome)
- Pregnancy:
- -Do not use when pregnant
- -Crosses placenta & enters fetal circulation
- -3rd trimester particularly vulnerable because Aspirin may promote premature closure of the ductus areteriosus in the fetus
- Adverse Effects:
- -Bleeding (caution dose)
- -fatigue
- -rash
- -abdominal pain
- Patient Education:
- -Caution OTCs
- -Toxic dose causes salicylism (vomiting, vertigo & tinnitus)
-
Celecoxib
Brand name(s): Celebrex
Drug Class: Cox II Inhibitor, NSAID
Indications for Use: Relief of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Adverse Effects:
- -GI irritation
- -Headache
- Patient Information:
- Other similar products have been taken off the market due to increased risk of heart attack & stroke.
-
Meloxicam
Brand name(s): Mobic
Drug Class: Analgesic, NSAID
Indications for Use: Relief of symptoms of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid and Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis
- Adverse Effects:
- -Edema
- -Headache
- -Dizziness
- Patient Education:
- -Take with food or milk
- -Avoid aspirin
-
Etodolac
Brand name(s): Lodine
Drug Class: NSAID
Indications for Use: Relief of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Adverse Effects:
- -Abdominal pain
- -Constipation
- -Nausea
- Patient Education:
- -Take with food or milk
- -Avoid Aspirin
-
Nabumetone
Brand name(s): Relafen
Drug Class: NSAID
I ndications for Use: Relief of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Adverse Effects:
- -Abdominal pain
- -Constipation
- -Nausea
- Patient Education:
- -Take with food or milk
- -Avoid Aspirin
-
Diclofenac Potassium
Brand name(s): Cataflam
Drug Class: NSAID
Indications for Use: Treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis & pain management.
- Adverse Effects:
- -Nausea
- -Indigestion
- -Constipation
- Patient Education:
- -Take with food or milk
- -Avoid Aspirin
-
Diclofenac Sodium
Brand name(s): Voltaren
Drug Class: NSAID
Indications for Use: Relief of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Adverse Effects:
- -Nausea
- -Indigestion
- -Constipation
- Patient Education:
- -Take with food or milk
- -Avoid aspirin
-
Naproxen
Brand name(s): Naprosyn
Drug Class: NSAID
- Indications for use:
- -Inflammatory disease
- -rheumatoid disorders
- -mild to moderate pain
- -fever
- Adverse Effects:
- -Indigestion
- -Abdominal pain
- -Constipation
- Patient Education:
- -Take with food or milk
- -Avoid aspirin
- -Adult Max Dose = 1200-1650 mg/day
-
Diphenhydramine
Brand name(s): Benadryl
Drug Class: Antihistamine (first generation)
Indications for use: relief of allergic symptoms; for moderate or severe allergic reaction
Adverse Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth
- Patient Education:
- -Enters breast milk
- -May cause drowsiness, fatigue, diarrhea
Children's Dosing: 5 mg/kg/day (divided doses q 6-8 hrs)
-
Meclizine
Brand name(s): Antivert
Drug Class: Antihistamine (first generation)
Indications for use: motion sickness, vertigo
Adverse Effects: many random symptoms
Avoid alcohol
-
Hydroxyzine
Brand name(s): Antivert
Drug Class: Antihistamine (first generation)
Indications for use: pruritis (desire to itch), sedation
Adverse Effects: dry mouth, transitory drowsiness
-
Promethazine
Brand name(s): Phenergan (also available with Codeine)
Drug Class: Antihistamine (first generation), Antiemetic, Sedative
Available Formulations: Table, syrup, suppository, injection
Indications for use: allergic reactions, sedative, motion sickness, post-operative pain
Adverse Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth
- Patient Education:
- -Enters breast milk
- -May cause drowsiness, fatigue, diarrhea
- Other information:
- -Refrigerate suppositories
- -onset of action for suppositories: 15-30 mins
- -not for children < 2 years
-
Fexofenadine
Brand name(s): Allegra
Drug Class: Antihistamine (second generation)
Available formulations: tablet, suspension
Indications for use: urticaria, seasonal allergic rhinitis
- Adverse Effects: headache, upper respiratory tract infection, back pain
-
Desloratidine
Brand name(s): clarinex
Drug Class: Antihistamine (second generation)
Available formulations: tablet, syrup
Indications for use: urticaria, seasonal allergic rhinitis
Adverse Effects: dry mouth, somnolence (drowsiness), pharyngitis
Patient Education: may be taken without regard to meals
-
Guaifenesin
Brand name(s): Mucinex
Drug Class: Expectorant
Indications for use: loosens phlegm, increases lubrication of lungs, allow for a productive cough and decreased chest congestion
Adverse Effects: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache
- Patient Education:
- -Drink water!
- Other Information:
- -comes in many dosage forms
-
Chlorpheniramine & Hydrocodone
Brand name(s): Tussionex
Drug Class: Antitussive
Indications for use: relief of cough
Adverse Effects: drowsiness, constipation
- Patient Education:
- -SHAKE WELL!
- -Avoid alcohol
- -could be habit forming
- -not for children < 6 years old
- -not for asthmatics
-
Benzonotate
Brand name(s): Tessalon or Tessalon Perles
Drug Class: Antitussive
Indications for use: relief of cough
Adverse Effects: headache, constipation, nausea
- Patient Education:
- -*LIFE THREATENING RXN with patients allergic to tetracaine or procaine
- -Do not crush, chew or dissolve
- -not for children < 10 years old
-
Codeine (and derivatives)
Brand name(s): various
Drug Class: Narcotic; Opiod
Indications for use: found in many cough products
Adverse Effects: dizziness, constipation, sedation
Patient Education: avoid alcohol
- Other Information:
- -Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS
- -causes cough suppression by direct central action in the medulla
- -produces generalized CNS depression
-
Cyclobenzaprine
Brand name(s): Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid
Drug Class: muscle relaxant
- Indications for use: May be used for relief of spasticity in neuromuscular diseases, such as
- - multiple sclerosis
- - spinal cord injury
- - stroke
- Also used for pain relief in minor strain injuries.
Adverse Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, fatigue, blurred vision, headache, nervousness, confusion
Patient Education: avoid alcohol
-
Carisoprodol
Brand name(s): Soma
Drug Class: muscle relaxant
- Indications for use: May be used for relief of spasticity in neuromuscular diseases, such as:
- - multiple sclerosis
- - spinal cord injury
- - stroke
- Also used for pain relief in minor strain injuries.
Adverse Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache
Patient Education: may be taken with meals if GI upset occurs
-
Metaxalone
Brand name(s): Skelaxin
Drug Class: muscle relaxant
- Indications for use: May be used for relief of spasticity in neuromuscular diseases, such as:
- - multiple sclerosis
- - spinal cord injury
- - stroke
- Also used for pain relief in minor strain injuries.
Adverse Effects: nausea, vomiting, GI discomfort, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nervousness
Patient Education: avoid alcohol
-
Tizanidine
Brand name(s): Zanaflex
Drug Class: muscle relaxant
- Indications for use: May be used for relief of spasticity in neuromuscular diseases, such as:
- - multiple sclerosis
- - spinal cord injury
- - stroke
- Also used for pain relief in minor strain injuries.
Adverse Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth
Patient Education: may be taken with food or milk if GI upset occurs
-
Methocarbamol
Brand name(s): Robaxin
Drug Class: muscle relaxant
- Indications for use: May be used for relief of spasticity in neuromuscular diseases, such as:
- - multiple sclerosis
- - spinal cord injury
- - stroke
- Also used for pain relief in minor strain injuries.
Adverse Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea
- Patient Education:
- -may be taken with meals if GI upset occurs
- -avoid alcohol
-
Donepezil
Brand name(s): Aricept
Drug Class: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Indications for use: Alzheimer's Dementia
Adverse Effects: insomnia, nausea, diarrhea
- Patient Education:
- -will not cure disease
- -typically tritrated after 4-6 weeks
-
Memantine
Brand name(s): Namenda
Drug Class: glutamate or N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonist
Indications for use: Alzheimer's Dementia
Adverse Effects: cardiovascular and central nervous system effects, many others
- Patient Education:
- - will not cure disease
- - typically tritrated after 4-6 weeks
-
Sumatriptan
Brand name(s): Imitrex
- Drug Class: Antimigraine, Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D Receptor Agonist
Indications for use: migraines- Available dosage forms
: oral, nasal, injection
Adverse Effects: abnormal sensations (tingling, warmth/burning, pressure, etc.), dizziness, muscle weakness
- Patient Education:
- -Do not exceed dosage!
- -Do not exceed two doses in 24 hours!
- Other Information:
- -comes in tablet or nasal spray dosage forms
-
rizatriptan
Brand name(s): Maxalt
Drug Class: Antimigraine, Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D Receptor Agonist
Indications for use: migraine, with or without aura
Available dosage forms: tablet
- Adverse Effects: asthenia (lack of energy), dizziness, drowsiness
-
naratriptan
Brand name(s): Amerge
Drug Class: Antimigraine, Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D Receptor Agonist
Indications for use: migraine, with or without aura
Available dosage forms: tablet
Adverse Effects: GI upset, nausea, neurological
Patient Education: do not take if pregnant
-
zolmitriptan
Brand name(s): Zomig
Drug Class: Antimigraine, Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D Receptor Agonist
Indications for use: migraine, with or without aura
Available dosage forms: tablet, orally disintegrating tablet, nasal spray
- Adverse Effects: abnormal pain, pressure and temperature sensations, GI upset
-
almotriptan
Brand name(s): Axert
Drug Class: Antimigraine, Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D Receptor Agonist
Indications for use: migraine, with or without aura
Available dosage forms: tablet
- Adverse Effects: nausea, paresthesia (abnormal sensations), dry mouth
-
omeprazole
Brand name(s): Prilosec
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI); gastric antisecretory
Indications for use:
Adverse Effects:
Patient Education:
-
Esomeprazole
Brand name(s): Nexium
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI); gastric antisecretory
Indications for use:
Adverse Effects:
Patient Education:
-
Lansoprazole
Brand name(s): Prevacid
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI); gastric antisecretory
Indications for use:
Adverse Effects:
Patient Education:
-
Pantoprazole
Brand name(s): Protonix
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI); gastric antisecretory
Indications for use:
Adverse Effects:
Patient Education:
-
Rabeprazole
Brand name(s): Aciphex
Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI); gastric antisecretory
Indications for use:
Adverse Effects:
Patient Education:
-
Ranitidine
Brand name(s): Zantac
Drug Class: H2 antagonist; gastric antisecretory
Indications for use:
Adverse Effects:
Patient Education:
-
Famotidine
Brand name(s): Pepcid
Drug Class: H2 antagonist; gastric antisecretory
Indications for use:
Adverse Effects:
Patient Education:
-
Promethazine
Brand name(s): Phenergan (also available with codeine)
Drug Class: Antiemetic, Antihistamine (first generation), Sedative, H1 antagonist, anticholinergic
Available formulations: tablet, syrup, suppository, injection (PO, IR, IM) *IV not recommended because of extravasation
Indications for use: allergic reactions, sedative, motion sickness, post-operative pain
Adverse Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth
Patient Education: refrigerate suppositories, onset of action is 15 to 30 minutes, not for children < 2 years old
-
Ondansetron
Brand name(s): Zofran
Drug Class: 5-HT3 (Serotonin) antagonist
Available formulations: PO, IV
- Indications for use: commonly used for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
-
Metoclopramide
Brand name(s): Reglan
Drug Class: Pro-motility agent; Antiemetic
Mechanism of Action: dopamine antagonist
- Indications for use: GERD, nausea/vomiting, gastroparesis (paralysis of the stomach
- due to damage of nerve damage in gut)
Common Adverse effects: somnolence (drowsiness), weakness
Rare Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia (involuntary repetitive body movements), neuroleptic malignant syndrome
-
Alendronate
Brand name(s): Fosamax
Drug Class: bisphosphonates
Indications for use: prevention & treatment of osteoporosis (first line)
Adverse Effects: heartburn, indigestion, jaw bone pain
Patient Education: MUST follow proper administration technique: Take first thing in the morning, Take with a full glass of water, Nothing other than water should be taken within 30 minutes, Remain sitting up right or in a standing position for at least 30 minutes
Other Information: Inhibit osteoclast activity and reduce bone resorption and turnover; long half-life; treatment of osteoporosis in men; combination tablet with vitamin D available; avoid in renal insufficiency
-
Risedronate
Brand name(s): Actonel
Drug Class: bisphosphonates
Indications for use: prevention & treatment of osteoporosis (first line)
Adverse Effects: heartburn, indigestion, jaw bone pain
Patient Education: MUST follow proper administration technique: Take first thing in the morning, Take with a full glass of water, Nothing other than water should be taken within 30 minutes, Remain sitting up right or in a standing position for at least 30 minutes
- Other Information: Inhibit osteoclast activity and reduce bone resorption and turnover; long half-life; treatment of osteoporosis in men; avoid in renal insufficiency
-
Ibandronate
Brand name(s): Boniva
Drug Class: bisphosphonates
Indications for use: prevention & treatment of osteoporosis (first line)
Adverse Effects: heartburn, indigestion, jaw bone pain
- Patient Education: MUST follow proper administration technique: Take first thing in the morning, Take with a full glass of water, Nothing other than water should be taken within 30 minutes, Must not eat and remain sitting up right or in a standing position for at least 60 minutes after dose
- Other Information: Inhibit osteoclast activity and reduce bone resorption and turnover; long half-life; PO or IV available; APAP given at time of IV treatment; avoid in renal insufficiency; for women only
-
Raloxifene
Brand name(s): Evista
Drug Class: Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Indications for use: osteoporosis (second line), breast cancer, hormone replacement therapy
Adverse Effects: Hot flashes, night sweats, leg cramps, blood clots
Patient Education: estrogen-like activity on the bones
-
Conjugated Estrogens
Brand name(s): Premarin
Drug Class: Estrogen derivative
Indications for use: Hormone replacement therapy; menopause
Adverse Effects: Vaginal bleeding, venous thromboembolism, stroke
Contraindications: In women with a uterus, unopposed estrogen increases risk of endometrial cancer; Estrogen derivatives are contraindicated in women with a history of breast cancer
-
Ethinyl Estradiol/Drosperinone
Brand name(s): Yaz®, Yasmin® *Ocella®
Drug Class: oral contraceptive
Indications for use: Prevent pregnancy, Regulate menstrual cycles, Treat acne
Adverse Effects: many
- Other information:
- •Anti-mineralcorticoid activity
- •Avoid use in renal/adrenal insufficiency
- prevents ovulation (98-99% effective); alters endometrial lining
-
Ethinyl Estradiol/Norgestimate
Brand name(s): *TriNessa®, Ortho® Tri-Cyclen® (Lo)
Drug Class: oral contraceptive
Indications for use: Prevent pregnancy, Regulate menstrual cycles, Treat acne
Adverse Effects: many
Patient Education: prevents ovulation (98-99% effective); alters endometrial lining
-
Ethinyl Estradiol/ Norethindrone
Brand name(s): *Loestrin 24 FE®, Necon 7/7/7®
Drug Class: oral contraceptive
Indications for use: Prevent pregnancy, Regulate menstrual cycles, Treat acne
Adverse Effects: many
Patient Education: prevents ovulation (98-99% effective); alters endometrial lining
-
Ethinyl Estradiol/ Etonogestrel
Brand name(s): *NuvaRing®
Drug Class: contraceptive
Indications for use: birth control; prevents ovulation
Adverse Effects: many
- Patient Education:
- •Inserted every 3 wks on day 1 of cycle
- •Use back up contraception if removed > 3 hrs
-
Tolterodine
Brand name(s): Detrol LA
Drug Class: antimuscarinic
Indications for use: Urinary Incontinence (UI)
Available formulations: administer once (ER) or twice (IR) daily
Adverse Effects: dry mouth, headache, constipation, blurred vision, dizziness
Other information: increased selectivity for M3 bladder receptors (vs. M2 salivary glands); dose reductions may be necessary in hepatic or renal insufficiency
Patient Education: decreases urge, decreases urination, decreases bladder contractions and detrusor pressure, decreases incomplete voiding, may take 6 weeks or more (several months) to see full effect
-
Tamsulosin
Brand name(s): Flomax
Drug Class: alpha-1 adrenergic blocker antagonist
Indications for use: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Administration: may be used alone or in combination with 5-alpha reductase inhibitor; combination therapy results in increased urine flow rate
Adverse Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness,weakness, libido, insomnia, rhinitis, abnormal ejaculations, ejaculatory problems,intraoperative floppy iris syndrome
Patient Education: Administer 30 minutes after the same meal each day. Generic now available!
-
Finasteride
Brand name(s): Proscar
Drug Class: 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
Indications for use: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Administration: Treatment of symptomatic BPH alone or with an α-adrenergic blocker (usually Doxazosin) Combination therapy resulted in ↑ symptom relief and ↑ urine flow rate
- Adverse Effects
: Erectile dysfunction, ↓ libido, ↑breast size/tenderness, rash
Patient Education: decreases prostate size; Pregnancy Category X
-
Sildenafil
Brand name(s): Cialis
Drug Class: Phosphodiasterase (PDE) 5 Inhibitor
- Mechanism of Action: PDE5 is inhibited so that cGMP can act longer by causing increased blood flow to the penis. Nitric Oxide, which causes smooth muscle relaxation necessary for an erection is released from NANC = Nonadrenergic/Noncholinergic Neurons.
- Indications for use
: Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Adverse Effects: headache, flushing, dyspepsia, rhinitis, impaired color discrimination, dizziness, hypotension, Cardiovascular effects, sudden hearing loss
Patient Education: contraindicated with nitrates; use caution with alpha blockers and some antibiotics/antifungals; grapefruit juice may increase plasma concentrations of drug; take without food 30 to 60 minutes before intercourse; use up to once daily; avoid high fat foods because they increase total max concentration
Other information: duration of about 4 hours
-
Tadalafil
Brand name(s): Cialis
Drug Class: Phosphodiasterase (PDE) 5 Inhibitor
Indications for use: Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
- Mechanism of Action: PDE5 is inhibited so that cGMP can act longer by causing increased blood flow to the penis. Nitric Oxide, which causes smooth muscle relaxation necessary for an erection is released from NANC = Nonadrenergic/Noncholinergic Neurons. .
- Adverse Effects
: headache, flushing, dyspepsia, rhinitis, impaired color discrimination, dizziness, hypotension, Cardiovascular effects, sudden hearing loss
Patient Education: contraindicated with nitrates; caution with alpha blockers and some antibiotics/antifungals; grapefruit juice may increase plasma concentrations of drug; take with or without food 30 minutes before intercourse; use up to once daily; avoid high fat foods because they increase total max concentration to 2 hours
Other information: duration of 24-36 hours
-
Zolpidem, Zolpidem (CR)
Brand name(s): Ambien, Ambien CR
Drug Class: Sedative
Indications for use: Insomnia
Adverse Effects: headache, drowsiness, nausea
Patient Education: do not crush or chew; may be habit forming; avoid alcohol
-
Eszopiclone
Brand name(s): Lunesta
Drug Class: Sedative
Indications for use: Insomnia
Adverse Effects: drowsiness, headache, unpleasant taste sensation
Patient Education: preferably take on empty stomach; high fat meals may delay onset of action; may be habit forming
-
Latanoprost
Brand name(s): Xalatan
Drug Class: Glaucoma
Indications for use: Glaucoma
Adverse Effects: blurred vision, burning/stinging, foreign body sensation
Patient Education: Store unopened bottle in refrigerator; Once opened, store in a cool place away from light for up to 6 weeks
-
Travoprost
Brand name(s): Travatan, Travatan Z
Drug Class: Glaucoma
Indications for use: Glaucoma
Adverse Effects: hyperemia, decreased visual acuity, eye discomfort, pruritis
Patient Education: Teach how to instill drops correctly; drops may tint iris brown; may increase eyelash growth
-
Brimonidine Tartrate
Brand name(s): Alphagan P
Drug Class: Glaucoma
Indications for use: Glaucoma
Adverse Effects: Allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, eye pruritis
Patient Education: Teach how to instill drops correctly
-
Moxifloxacin HCl (ophthalmic)
Brand name(s): Vigamox
Drug Class: ophthalmic antibiotic
Indications for use: Conjunctivitis
Adverse Effects: eye irritation, decreased visual acuity, dry eyes
Patient Education: complete full course of therapy; cannot wear contact lenses
-
Gatifloxacin (ophthalmic)
Brand name(s): Zymar
Drug Class: ophthalmic antibiotic
Indications for use: Conjunctivitis
Adverse Effects: conjunctival irritation, tearing, inflammation
Patient Education: contraindicated with quinolones; complete full course of therapy; cannot wear contact lenses
-
Olopatadine HCl (ophthalmic)
Brand name(s): Patanol, Pataday
Drug Class: ophthalmic anti-allergy
Indications for use: Conjunctivitis
Adverse Effects: headache, asthenia, blurred vision
Patient Education: do not wear contact lenses if eye is red
-
Methylprednisolone
Brand name(s): Medrol
Drug Class: Anti-inflammatory, Corticosteroid
Indications for use: Autoimmune disorders
Adverse Effects: many side effects, such as blurred vision, upset stomach, nausea & vomiting, etc.
Patient Education: Do not discontinue abruptly; Take with food
-
Dexamethasone (oral)
Brand name(s): Decadron
Drug Class: Anti-inflammatory, Corticosteroid
Indications for use: Autoimmune disorders
Adverse Effects: many side effects, such as blurred vision, upset stomach, nausea & vomiting, etc.
Patient Education: Do not discontinue abruptly; Take with food
-
Sterapred or Deltasone
Brand name(s): Prednisone
Drug Class: Anti-inflammatory, Corticosteroid
Indications for use: Autoimmune disorders
Adverse Effects: many side effects, such as blurred vision, upset stomach, nausea & vomiting, etc.
Patient Education: Do not discontinue abruptly; Take with food
-
Warfarin
Brand name(s): Coumadin
Drug Class: Anticoagulant, Vitamin K Antagonist
Indications for use: prevention & treatment of thrombosis
Adverse Effects: bleeding, skin necrosis
Patient Education:
Other Information: Dosed daily, drug/food interactions, monitor INR closely, Pregnancy Category X
-
Heparin
Brand name(s): Hep-Lock
Drug Class: Anticoagulant, Thrombin & Factor Xa Inhibitor
Indications for use: prophylaxis/treatment of thrombosis
Adverse Effects: bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Patient Education:
Other Information: Does NOT enter breast milk
Antidote: Protamine
-
Enoxaparin
Brand name(s): Lovenox
Drug Class: Anticoagulant
Indications for use:
Adverse Effects:
Patient Education:
-
Clopidogrel
Brand name(s): Plavix
Drug Class: Antiplatelet
Indications for use: prophylaxis of thrombosis
Adverse Effects: bleeding, neutropenia
Mechanism of Action: Irreversibly inhibits the binding of ADP on platelet receptor; ADP induces platelet aggregation
Other Information: often used WITH aspirin
-
START HERE
Brand name(s):
Drug Class:
Indications for use:
Adverse Effects:
Patient Education:
Other Information:
|
|