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Identify the four categories of macromolecules that make up living systems, such as your body.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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Name and describe the process that builds macromolecules.
dehydration synthesis (removing water to form a covalent bond)
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Name and describe the process that breaks down macromolecules.
- hydrolysis ( adding water which breaks the covalent bond in the macromolecule)
- involves enyzmes
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Identify two types of carbohydrates, and name the subunits that make up each type.
Simple sugars: dissacharide , monosaccharide
Polysaccharides: starch,glycogen,cellulose
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Identify the subunits that make up fats
phospholipids, trigylceride
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List the key differences betwen a saturated and unsaturated fat.
- SAT: no double covalent bond between carbon atoms. fat is solid at room temperature
- UNSAT: double bonds, leaving room for additional hydrogen atoms. fat to be liquid at room temperature
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Name the subunits that make up proteins.
amino acids: individual amino acidsare connected by a peptide bond.
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Explain why proteins are more structurally and functionally diverse than carbohydrates and lipids.
They have more space and room for bonding with other macromolecules and substances
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Explain what an enzyme is
protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of a reaction
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Describe how an enzyme speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
When the enzyme fits with its substrate and binds to the active site, the bonds become less stable :. more likely to be altered or reacted to new bonds
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