Nick Mitz

• - in front of
• - toward the surface of

At the rear or tail end

at the head end

• on the inside
• underneath another structure

• Farthest from the attachment
• Point of a limb to the trunk

the back side of the human body

• Toward the feet
• below

away from the middle of the body

Toward the midline of the body

• in back of
• toward the back surface

Closest to the attachment point of a limb to the trunk

On the outside of the surface of the body

• toward the head
• above

The belly side of the human body

• Body is standing up, facing forward with palms open
• No two bones cross each other

• Plane that seperates the body into anterior and posterior portions
• Splits body from front and back

• Plane that seperates the body into superior and inferior portions
• Splits body at waist, splitting top half from bottom half

• Seperates the body into left and right portions
• May or may not be equal on each side.

Splits the body into left and right portions equally

Region Inferior to the thorax (chest) and superior to the hip bones

• Forearm
• Between elbow and wrist

Region Anterior to the elbow

Ear

Armpit

• Arm
• Between shoulder and elbow

Cheek

Heel of the foot

Wrist

Head

Neck

Hip

Skull

• Leg
• Between Knee and Ankle

Shoulder

Fingers or Toes

Back

Thigh

Lateral Aspect of the leg

Forehead

Buttock

Great Toe

• Groin
• Sometimes used to describe crease in thigh near trunk

• Relating to the loins
• Part of back and sides between ribs and pelvis

Breast

Hand

Chin

Nose

• Posterior aspect of the head
• Back of the head

Posterior of the elbow

Mouth

Eye

Palm of the hand

Kneecap

Pelvis

Diamond chaped region between the thight that contain the anus and selected external reproductive organs

Foot

Sole of the foot

Thumb

Area posterior to the knee

Anterior region to the pelvis

Lateral aspect of the forearm

Posterior region between the hip bones

Shoulder blade

Anterior middle region of the thorax

• Calf
• Posterior part of the leg

Root of the foot

Chest or thorax

Medial aspect of the leg

Medial aspect of the forearm

Navel

Spinal Column

• Cranial Cavity
• Vertebral Cavity

• Formed by the cranium
• Houses the brain

formed by the individual bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord

Posterior Aspect

• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominopelvic cavity

• Abdominal cavity
• pelvic cavity

• the median space in the thoracic cavity is the Mediastinum
• Contains the heart, thymus, esophogus, trachea, and major blood vessels
• Right and left sides contain the lungs

The heart

Enclosed by a two-layered serous membrane called pericardium.

• Parietal pericardium = the outermost layer and forms the sac around the heart
• Visceral pericardium = forms the heart's external surface

the potential space between the parietal and visceral pericardia; it contains serous fluid

Lined by the pleura

• Parietal pleura = outer layer of this serous membrane
• visceral pleura = inner layer of this serous membrane

• contains most of the organs of the digestive system, kidneys, ureters of the urinary system.
• Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, small intestine, most of large intestine, kidneys, ureters.

• Region located between the hip bones and interior to a horizontal plane between the superior ridges of the hip bones.
• Associated with the pelvic viscera, including urinary bladder and urethra, internal reproductive organs, some of the large intestines.

• 1. Right Hypochondriac Region
• 2. Epigastric Region
• 3. Left Hypochondriac Region
• 4. Right Lumbar Region
• 5. Umbilical Region
• 6. Left Lumbar
• 7. Right Iliac Region
• 8. Hypogastric Region
• 9. Left Iliac Region

• Superior region in the middle column.
• Contains part of the liver, part of the stomach, the duodenum, part of the pancreas, and both adrenal glands.

• Middle region in the middle column
• Contains transverse colon (middle part) , part of the small intestine, and the branches of the blood vessels to the lower limbs.

• inferior region in the middle column
• typically contains part of the small intestine, the urinary bladder, and the sigmoid colon of the large intestine

• Right contains part of the liver, the gallbladder, and part of the right kidney
• Left contains part of the stomach, the spleen, the left colic flexure of the large intestine, and part of the left kidney

• the middle regions lateral to the umbilical region.
• Right contains the ascending colon and the right colic flexure of the large intestine, the superior part of the cecum, part of the right kidney, and part of the small intestine.
• Leftcontains the descending colon, part of left kidney, and part of small intestine.

• inferior regions lateral to the hypogastric region
• Right contains the inferior end of the cecum, the appendix, and part of the small intestine.
• Left contains the junction of parts of the colon as well as part of the small intestine.

Study of structure

Study of the function of body structures

examines structures that cannot be observed by the unpaid eye.

the study of single body cells and their internal structures

study of tissues

investigates the structure and relationships of large body parts that are visible to the unaided eye, such as the intestines, stomach, brain, heart, and kidneys.

Examines the similarities and differences in the anatomy of species

Investigates the change in structure within an individual from conception through maturity

is concerned specifically with developmental changes occurring prior to birth

• examines all the structures in a particular region of the body as one complete unit
• example = the skin, connective tissue and fat, bones, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels of the neck

examines both superficial anatomic marking and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them.

studies the gross anatomy of each system in the body

examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

Studies the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or xray

investigates the anatomic landmarks used before and after surgery.

• 1. Chemical level
• 2. Cellular level
• 3. Tissue Level
• 4. Organ Level
• 5. Organ System Level
• 6. Organismal

• composed of atoms and molecules
• Atoms are small units of matter, in which two or more atoms make a molecule
• molecule is a protein, a water molecule, or a vitamin, which join into make cells.

Specialized structural and functional units called organelles permit all living cells to share certain common functions.

tissues are precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions.

• Different tissue types combine to form an organ, such as the small intestine, brain, lungs, stomach, or heart.
• Organs contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions.

consists of related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function

all body systems function interdependently in a single living human being

• 1. Organization
• 2. Metabolism
• 3. Growth and Development
• 4. Responsiveness
• 5. Adaptation
• 6. Regulation
• 7. Reproduction