-
A virus needs a ____ ___ in order to reproduce
host cell
-
A virus attaches to a cell, enters it and releases ___ or ___ inside the cell.
-
Common viral infactions are those of the ____,____ and ___.
- nose
- throat
- respiratory system
-
An example of a virus: ____, ____, ____ and ____
- common cold
- influenza
- wart
- herpes
-
Systemic viral infections occur when a virus attacks specific organs or systems. Example of a virus which attacks the CNS is ____, liver is _____ or WBC is ____.
- West Nile virus- CNS
- Hepatitis C- liver
- Immunodeficiency diseases-WBC
-
drugs that combat viral infections
antiviral drugs
-
Antiviral drugs method of action
interfering with the virus's ability to reproduce in a cell
-
Antibioctics are ____ against viral infections.
ineffective
-
If a person has a bacterial infection in addition to a viral infection, then ____
an antobiotic is often necessary.
-
uses for antiviral drugs
- cytomegalovirus
- herpes simplex virus 1 and 2
- herpes zoster
- influenza A and B
- RSV
- Hepititis B and C
-
severe lower respiratory tract infection primarily affecting children
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
-
transplant recients are prone to this infection
CMV (cytomegalovirus)
-
Unlabeled use refers to
a drug that has not been officially approved by the FDA to treat a specific condition
-
adverse reactions to antiviral drugs
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, rash, fever and insomnia
-
The nurse should not administer antivirals to the client with a history of _____
allergies to the drug or other antivirals
-
Cidofovir(Vistide) should not be given to client with _____ or in combination with _____.
- Renal impairment
- aminoglycosides (could produce nephrotoxicity)
-
Ribavirin should not be given to those with ____.
unstable cardiac disease
-
antivirals should only be given when ____
the benefits outweigh the risks
-
acyclovir (Zovirax)
antiviral used to treat HSV herpes zoster, varicella zoster
-
The client taking acyclovir (Zovirax) should be monitored for GI upset, fever, _____, ____,____ and _____
dizziness, confusion, rashes and myalgia
-
adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera)
antiviral used to treat chronic Hep B
-
monitor the client for asthenia, headache, abdominal pain while taking this antiviral for Hep B
adefovir dipvoxil (Hepsera)
-
amantadine (Symmetrel)
antiviral used in the treatment and prevention of influenza A and Parkinson's disease
-
monitor the client for GI upset, dizziness, hypotension and insomnia while taking this antiviral for the treatment of Parkinson's and influenza A
amantadine (Symmetrel)
-
cidofovir (Vistide)
antiviral used to treat CMV retinitis
-
monitor the client for GI upset, anorexia, dyspnea, neutropenia, fever, rash, chills, and alopecia while taking this antiviral for the treatment of CMV
cidofovir (Vistide)
-
entecavir (Baraclude)
one of two antivirals used to treat chronic Hep B
-
monitor the client for dizziness, faigue and headache when taken this antiviral for the treatment of Hep B
entecavir (Baraclude)
-
famciclovir (Famvir)
used in the treatment of acute herpes zoster, HSV-2
-
monitor the client for fatigue, fever, GI upset, headache, constipation and sinusitis when taking this antiviral for the treatment of acute herpes zoster
famciclovir (Famvir)
-
foscarnet (Foscavir)
used in the treatment of CMV retinitis, acyclovir-resistant HSV 1 and 2
-
monitor the client for GI upset, abnormal renal function test results, seizures and headaches when taking this antiviral for acyclovir-resistant HSV 1&2 and CMV retinitis
foscarnet (Foscavir)
-
ganiciclovir
antiviral used in the prevention of CMV in transplant recipients
-
monitor the client for GI upset, sweats, fever, anemia and leukopenia when taking the antiviral for CMV prevention
ganiciclovir
-
oseltamvir (Tamiflu)
antiviral used in the prevention and treatment of influenza A and B
-
monitor the client for GI upset when taking this antiviral for influenza A and B
oseltamvir (Tamiflu)
-
ribavirin (inhalation) (Virazole)
antiviral used in the treatment of RSV and chronic Hep C
-
monitor the client for worsening pulmonary status, bacterial pneumonia and hypotension when taking this antiviral for RSV and Hep C treatment
ribavirin (inhalation) (Virazole)
-
ribavirin/interferon combination (Copegus, Rebetol, Ribaspheres)
antiviral used in combination with interferon for the treatment of Hep C
-
monitor the client for fatigue, headache, anorexia, GI upset, insomnia and nervousness when taking this antiviral for the treatment of Hep C
ribavirin/interferon combination (Copegus, Rebetol, Ribaspheres)
-
rimantadine (Flumadine)
antiviral used in the treatment of influenza A
-
monitor the cleint for dizziness, nausea, anorexia, insomnia and lightheadness when using this antiviral for influenza A
rimantadine (Flumadine)
-
valacyclovir (Valtrex)
antiviral used in the treatment of herpes zoster ; HSV 1-2
-
nausea and headaches are the adverse reactions for this antiviral used to treat herpes zoster
valacyclovir (Valtrex)
-
vangciclovir (Valcyte)
one of two antivirals used to treat CMV retinitis and CMV in transplant recipents
-
monitor the client taking this antiviral for CMV for headache, insomnia, vomiting, fever and pancytopenia
vangciclovir (Valcyte)
-
zanamivir (Relenza)
inhaled antiviral used in the treatment of influenza A and B
-
monitor the client taking tis antiviral for influenza A and B for nausea, headache and rhinitis
zanamivir (Relenza)
-
abacavir(Ziagen), amprenavir(Agenerase), atazanavir(Reyataz),darunavir(Prezista)
- are all common in the fact that they are used to treat
- HIV infection
-
delavirdine(Rescriptor)
HIV infection treatment in which clients experience headache nausea and diarrhea only
-
didanosine (ddl) (Videx)
HIV infection treatment in which rash, GI upset, abdominal pain, headache and peripheral neuropathy are experienced
-
efavirenz (Sustiva)
HIV infection treatment in which rach insomnia, GI upset, dizziness and pruritus are experienced
-
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
HIV infection treatment available in Sub Q injection. Only injection site discomfort and erythema are common
-
indinavir (Crixivan)
HIV infection treatment in which kidney stones are reported
-
lamivudine (3TC) (Epivir)
HIV and chronic Hep B infection treatment in which can cause nasal congestion, cough and fatigue
-
nelfinavir (Viracept)
HIV infection treatment in which diarrhea is its common reaction
-
nevirapine (Viramune)
HIV infection treatment in which stomatitis and liver dysfunction are among its adverse reactions
-
ritonavir (Norvir)
HIV infection treatment in which client may report peripheral and circumoral parathesia
-
antivirals should be used cautiously in clients with
renal impairment, low blood cell counts, history of epilepsy or respiratory disease
-
those with a history of epilepsy should use this antiviral with caution
rimantadine
-
saquinavir (Fortovase)
HIV infection treatment in which client may complain of flatulence and heartburn
-
telbivudine (Tyzeka)
Chronic Hep B treatment in which flu-like symptoms and URI symptoms are common
-
CMV
virus in the herpes family. Symptoms include malaise, fever, pneumonia and superinfection. Infants can aquire the disease from mother. It can infect the eyes and cause blindness.
-
Herpes simplex virus
virus divided into 2 divisions. Can infect oral, ocular, genital or facial areas.
-
HSV 2 is associated with
genital herpes
-
HSV 1 is associated with
oral, facial and ocular infections
-
Clients with this infection may appear jaundiced, irritable, lethargic and have grayish ulcerations around mucous membranes
HSV2 genital herpes
-
herpes zoster (shingles)
viral infection caused by varicella (chickenpox) virus. Often seen in older adults as pustules along sensory nerve route
-
A client asks the nurse what are the potential complications and how long it will be until they should recover. The nurse states ____.
Influenza may cause pneumonia in children, elderly and other immunosuppressed groups. Most people recover in 1-2 weeks
-
RSV
highly contagious infection affecting mostly children causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Infants <6mos are the most affected.
-
A child is suffering from fever, cough, nasal congestion and is less than six months old. What viral infection should be suspected?
RSV
-
Antivirals may interact with meds used for treating what 6 things
- gout(probenecid)
- heartburn(cimetidine aka Tagament)
- pain (ibuprophen)
- anti-infective (imipenem-cilastatin)
- bladder spasms (anticholinergic agents)
- respiratory problems(theophyline)
-
HIV
a virus causing aquired immunodeficiency syndrome which is caused by a retrovirus
-
HAART
a multidrug therapy used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS
-
most drugs used to treat HIV/AIDS have the same common reactions. What are these?
- nausea,diarrhea, altered taste
- other: headache, fever, chills, rash, numbness and tingling in circumoral area
-
Antiretrovirals are used to treat primarily what condition?
HIV/AIDS
-
Antiretrovirals should not be administered to the client who has allergies to the drugs and ___.
women who are lactating
-
Antiretrovirals should not be given to the client who is taking bupropin(Wellbutrin), zolpidem(Ambien) or ____
antiarhythmic drugs
-
Antiretrovirals should be used cautiously in clients with ____, ____,____ or ____
diabetes mellitus, impaired hepatic function, pregnancy, hemophilia
-
Antifungals, clarithromycin(used to treat bacterial infections),sildenafil(used to treat erectile dysfunction)and opioids all interact with ___
antiretrovirals
-
The client taking an antiretroviral should be informed about its effects on birth control, interleukins, anticoagulants,____ and ____
- anticonvulsants
- fentanyl (used in anesthesia)
-
amantadine
used in the previntion or treatment of respiratory tract illmess caused by influenza A
-
ribavirin
given by inhalation using a SPAG-2 aerosol generator. Women of childbearing yrs should avoid breathing this in. It is used to treat resp. infections
-
HIV clients should be monitored for
imbalanced nutrition, impaired skin integrity, risk of injury,disturbed body image,acute pain
-
Clients with HIV are at risk for contracting
opprtunistic infections
-
antivirals ____ cure the viral infection. They ____ symptoms and ____ feelings of well being.
-
antivirals will ___ the course of disease outbreaks and promote healing
shorten
-
The nurse should inform the client on antiretrovirals that _____ could occur, so they should aviod tanning.
photosensitivity
-
What is an adverse reaction to acyclovir via oral route?
nausea and vomiting
-
The nurse would report immediately any _____ in a 3 month old client receiving ribavirin.
worsening of respiratory status
-
The nurse administering didanosine properly would ____.
crush and mix with 1oz of water.
-
Administration of antiretrovirals can result in ____.
body fat redistribution
-
You are to give 100mg of zidovudine orally. You have 50mg/5mL syrup available. How much do you give?
10mL
-
A client is to be givien 2 inhalations of zanamivir. It's available as one 5mg blister per inhalation and is given ina diskhaler. How many mg administered in the dose?
10mL
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