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how many head injuries occur each year
2 million
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how many people died from head injuries each year
1000
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How many people are permanently disabled each year from head injury
80,000
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what age range has the highest incidence of head injuries
- 0 – 24
- caused by sports, reckless behavior, work, etc.
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2/3 of all head injuries occur in males or females?
Males
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50% of all head injuries occur from
motor vehicle accidents
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30% of head injuries occur from
falls
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20% of all head injuries occur from
other, such as gunshots, blows, etc.
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what kind of fracture is this? And what is commonly associated with it
- this is a linear fracture/hairline fracture
- commonly associated with subdural hematoma
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what kind of fracture is this
- depressed fracture
- compound fracture
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true or false – a contusion is a cut on the brain
false – is a bruise on the brain
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true or false – laceration is a cut on the brain
true
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true or false – a diffuse injury is when myelin sheaths are stripped away
true
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what is the mechanism of injury for a diffuse injury
- a violent shaking of the head
- often seen in shaken baby syndrome
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what is a concussion
a concussion is a violent jarring or shaking that results in a disturbance of brain function
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what are some of the signs and symptoms of a concussion
- unconsciousness
- amnesia of the event
- must be observed for 24 hours
- headaches, irritability, fatigue – can last for six months
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what kind of injury is this
a coup brain injury
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what kind of injury is this
a contra coup brain injury
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true or false – diffuse brain injury is caused by high-speed acceleration and deceleration
true
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what kind of shearing occurs in a diffuse brain injury
axonal shearing
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how come will an MRI not show signs of brain damage in some diffuse brain injuries
because the damage is less than 1 mm wide
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what kind of brain condition is this
is it acute or chronic
is it from the venous blood or arterial blood
- subdural hematoma
- chronic
- venous blood
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what type of brain condition is this
epidural hematoma
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epidural hematoma was are often seen in what sport
boxing – can be fatal
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epidural hematomas occur and what meningeal layer
the middle
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what kind of brain condition is this
intracerebral hemorrhage
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what are some other problems associated with head injury
- hypoxia
- hypotension
- edema
- infection
- hydrocephalus
- increased intracranial pressure
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what is normal intracranial pressure
0 – 10 mmHg
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what are some signs of increasing intracranial pressure
- change in respiration
- unilateral weakness
- incontinence
- seizure
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what are some of the potential deficits after a head injury
- epilepsy
- paralysis/spasticity
- sensory loss
- speech deficits
- cognitive deficits
- memory loss
- personal change
- ataxia
- bowel and bladder dysfunction
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what is punch drunk syndrome
a brain condition that boxers often get from being hit in the head to many times
Much like Alzheimer's disease
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