Punishment and Reinforcement

Emotional responses (e.g., crying, anger), escape/avoidance, aggression, modeling, perpetuation of punishment (i.e., continued use of an ineffective procedure due to negative reinforcement afforded the caregiver), individuals becoming conditioned punisher, no establishment of alternative behavior, need for the presence of the punishing agent, presumed punisher is actually a reinforcer, and withdrawal are disadvantages of ______________.

Disadvantages of punishment include:

Guidelines for effective use of DRO include:

Reinforcement contingent upon behavior that cannot be done at the same time as the problem behavior is

Reinforcement only after responding above a predetermined rate is...

Reinforcement is provided contingent upon the non-occurrence of behavior

Reinforcement of behaviors that are appropriate alternatives to the target behavior is...

DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors) is an umbrella term under which fall...

Reinforcement of behaviors below a certain level is...

Reinforcement is contingent upon responding during the session being at or below a specific rate.

DRL in which the session is divided into equal intervals; reinforcement is contingent upon responding during the session being at or below a specified criterion; responding above the criterion rate resets the interval.

Reinforcement is provided after a specified IRT is achieved is...