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5 periods of embryonic lung development
- Embryonic Period
- Pseudoglandular Period
- Canalicular Period
- Saccular Period
- Alveolar Period
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ages of neonate
birth - 1st month
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ages of infant
month - 1 year
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how many weeks is a normal gestation
40 weeks
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15 million alveoli when born -- 200 million in what age?
8 years old
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goblet cells produces
mucus
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when molecules pull tight together at air liquid surface it is called:
cohesion forces
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surfactant lowers
surface tension
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what is the function of lung surfactant
lowers pt pace of breathing from the alveoli
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3 composition of surfactant
- sphingomyelin
- phosphatidylglycerol (PG)
- phosphatidylcholine (PC--Lecithin)
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immature surfactant occurs
first 24 weeks, not in ratio
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mature surfactant occurs
34 weeks gestation -- big peak in Lecithin and PG occurs
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what is L/S ratio
lecithin/sphingomyelin
accesses lung maturity
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how many umbilical vein?
1
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what does the umbilical vein carry?
oxy
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how many umbilical arteries
2
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what does the umbilical arteries carry
deoxy
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what are the 3 unique shunts
- ductus venosus
- foramen ocale
- ductus arteriosus
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where can you find the ductus venosus
within the liver, 50% of blood
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where can you find the foramen ovale
btwn right and left atrium
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where can you find the ductus arteriosus
commonly btwn aorta and pulm arteries
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what is the l/s ratio that considers mature ratio
2:1
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where in the heart of the fetal lung that the pressure is higher?
right side has higher pressure than the left side of the heart
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fetal lung serves no gas exhange before birth -- therefore, gas exhange via
umbilical cord and placenta
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premature babies has not enough surfactant therefore developes
resp distress
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what is the primary reason that the ductus arteriosus closes
increase po2
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how many percent of blood goes to the fetal lung
15-20%
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what happens once the umbilical cord is clamped
- flips pressures around
- dec blood flow from lower extremities
- fetus starts to breath/cry
- inc pulm blood flow
- inc po2
- dec pressure on right of the heart
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in utero the fetus lives in
hypoxic stage
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what age is a high risk delivery
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what medical factors risk delivery
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what type of toxic habits factors risk delivery
- alcohol
- drugs
- cig smoking
- cocaine
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gestational diabetes - glucose tolerance =
large babies
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how many weeks is pre term labor
< 38 weeks
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how many weeks is post term labor
> 42 weeks
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what can stop contraction
magnesium sulfate
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what type of drug can induce labor or contraction
perosin
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name 3 problems thats associated with the umbilical cord and placenta
- prolapse of the umbilical cord
- placenta previa
- placental abruption
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compressed btwn birth canel to fetus
prolapse of the umbilical cord
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partially or complete covers opening of cervix
placenta previa
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premature seperation of placenta. common cause of meternal htn. fetal blood loss and vaginal bleeding
placental abruption
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assessing the fetus in utero
- ultrasound
- amniocentesis
- fetal heart monitoring
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access fetus in utero
sees organs, fetal growth, abnormality
ultrasound
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l/s ratio test, genetic chromosomes, down syndrome testing and macronium (fetal poop)
amniocentesis
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name 2 types of fetal heart monitoring
- non stress test NST
- contraction stress test CST
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