Zoo test 1

• 1.5 million
• (E.O. Wilson estimated 5-30 million)

• Facial Mites
• Caves
• Hot Springs
• Moss on trees
• Beer Coasters

• Crunchy
• Buzzy
• Slimy
• Scaly
• Tiny

• 30-36 phyla
• AND
• 9 major ones

• Inheritance of aquired characterics
• IE: Kids inherit characteristics

• concerned with human population growth.
• People are forced to compete for existence because of food supply because we tend to reprodce faster

• Uniformitarinism
• laws of physics and chemistry remain the same

• Naturalist
• Formed Theory of Evolution, combined ideas of Malthus and Lyell to do so

Darwin noticed fossils of extinct marine organisms thousands of feet above present day sea level.

Life forms on earth change

that the earth is changed by gradual processes

That the organsims have evolved in a historical sequence

rare and have to have the right conditions to fossilize

view the evolutionary change across the broadcast of time

1-10 million years

• The change of animals under the domestication by humans
• ie: dogs breeding with other dogs, creates a new type a dog

• Living species are descended from other earlier life forms
• ie: horses...they are HUGE now

• (The evidence Darwin used for common decent)
• They are anatomical structures within different organisms which originate from a structure or trait of their common ancestral organsim.
• Any similarity between characteristics of organisms that is due to their shared ancestry

The history of the development of an organism through its entire life

• Ontogeny Recapulates Phylogeny
• ---Individual development repeats evolutionary decent

The flawed premises

• 1. share a common decent
• 2. interbreeding (can exchange genes)
• 3. geno and phenotypic cohesion

• 1.Allopatric speciation (barrier)
• IE: oceans..etc
• 2. Founder Effect---Colonization
• 3.Adaptative radiation

unless there is a high rate of extinction, more species will be produced through time.

Without reproductive barrier

Changes over time (slow..gradually)

happens real quick

• larger changes in organisms occur by the accumulation of many smaller changes
• (i.e. evolution is a slow, continuous process)
• fossil records support gradualism

Wesimanns change to darwins theory by removing inheritance of aquired characteristics

the scientific method

The study of living organisms and their intereactions with the enviroment and other living organsims

the base of the ecological heirarchy

a group of animals coexist with other of the same species

populations of different species co-occur in more complex associations

Consists of all populations in a community together with their physical enviroments

The largest ecosystem

Includes abiotic (living) factors and Biotic (nonliving) factors

• A multi-dimensional relationship of species with its enviroment
• (2 types)

The potentional Niche

The subset of potentionally suitable enviroments that an animal actually experiences

• Density independent
• Density Dependent

• Abiotic limiting factors
• IE: frost kills all the mosquitos

• Biotic limiting factors
• Ie: competition, predators, parasites

• (+,-)
• ie: coyote/rabbit

• (0,+)
• Ie: pilot fishes and remoras with sharks

• (+,+)
• ie: termites and gut protozoa

More than 2 species are sharing a limiting resource, they are competing for it

or more species share a LIMITING resources not just sharing resources.

the portion of resources shared by the niches of two or more species

Strongly competing species cannon coexist indefinitely

To coexists in one habitat, species must specialize by partioning a shared resource.

When several species share the same general resource by partitioning resources

• Studied 5 species of birds
• How can they coexist?..They each used a diff part of the pine tree

both pops tend to fluctuate cyclically

platable (non-toxic) prey can deceive potential predators by mimiking distasteful prey

2 or more toxic species resemble each other

An influential species on other species that if it is absent it drastically changes an entire community.

• Fix and store energy from outside the ecosystem
• (photosynthetic organisms)

Herbivores eat plants directly; decomposers, bacteria, and fungi

• German word meaning bluprints or building plan
• It defines animals and the groups within animals

To get the type speciman from a musuem and compare it morphologically

• All functions take place in single cells, or each cell (if colonial)
• Protists have this GOC

There is a division of labor among cells, but no segregation of cells that perform the functions

Specialized cells seggregate organ, or organ system,: there is no segregation of tissue

• No gut
• Energy absorption throught
• No true tissues or organs
• Ie: Sponges

Porifera

• Has one opening for food and waste
• Ie: Sea Anemomes

Cnidaria

• 2 openings (like us)
• More efficient and digesting
• ie: us, round worm...(phylum nematoda)

Cleavage planes are oblique to the polar axis

Symmetrical to the polar axis

Process of development after fertilization of the egg

• Grades of complexity
• Major Body Types
• Symmetry
• Cleavage

• Swedish Botonist
• Produced classification scheme for plants and animals
• "system Naturae"
• **Constructed the nomenclatural system we use today

• 1. All animals have a unique name..it is binomial, genus and species epithat
• 2.Organisms are arranged into groups based on relatedness

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• family
• genus
• Species

Capitalized and italized

• The scientific study of relationships between the many different kinds of life on earth
• Methods of analyzing and collecting data

character shared by all members within a group

Characters unique to a group or groups

• Organism we will compare the ingroup to.
• Not closely related to the ingroup but not unrelated to it.

Subset of closely related organisms within a group

a derived character shared by all members within a clade.

• Monophyletic
• Paraphyletic
• Polyphyletic

Shared by all members within a group (have same characteristics)

• All parasitic
• They live their life inside another organ/cell

gel-like (outside)

More fluid

Protein strands out together

Amoeboid movement pseudopods

• 1. At some stage they have cilia
• 2. Two types of nuclei

For movement and feeding

Waves

Paraphyletic protoplasmic organsims

• Sand and chitin
• Made of calcium carbonate

Randolarians: Marine Forums

Use long tentacles to attach to prey

Cell mouth

• From mosquitos
• Phylum: plasmodium

2 main groups depending on feeding strategy

• A common type of feeding strategy
• Injest food particles

Binary Fission, cilliates, and apicomplexns....sexual reproduction!!