techniques a writer uses to reveal their personalities of a character; creates realistic lifelike characters
static characters
Recognized by one or two traits; don’t change throughout the story; “flat” characters
dynamic characters
Complex; cannot be summed up by only one or two traits; influenced by events; events cause change in the character; “round” characters
direct characterization
author describes characters; like a bulleted list; writes
directly to audience
indirect characterization
character is developed through speech, thoughts, effects on other characters, actions, and looks
symbol
something concrete that represents something abstract
symbolism
Use of symbols to suggest a larger meaning
foreshadowing
hint given of what’s to come; creates suspense; convinces reader of inevitability; sets stage for future events; makes some events seem believable
mood
Atmosphere; developed through setting, imagery, characterization, details. Dialogue, and description
flashback
interruption of a narrative to show an episode that happened before; provides background info; helps to better understand characters and anticipate what will occur when the author returns to original point in time
irony
contradiction of appearance and reality
verbal irony
contrast between what the speaker says and what he really means; sarcasm
situational irony
Events turn out contrary to what is expected or appropriate; defies logical and justifiable expectations
cosmic irony
when situational irony goes beyond unfair and tragic; Romeo and Juliet
dramatic irony
Reader knows more about the situation than character; contrast between what the character thinks, says and does and the real situation; character is not aware of the contrast but the
reader is
socratic irony
someone feigns ignorance to expose a flaw or weakness in another’s position or on an issue through ‘innocent’ questions designed to illuminate the illogical or unreasonable elements of the position
what determines the type of essay?
language and expectations of the promt
what is the main point of an expository essay?
explain or tell
comparison/ contrast essay
expository
comparison-must show how things similar
contrast-must show how different
persuasive essay
uses logic and reason to show on idea is more legitimate than another; persuade reader to adopt certain point of view; rely on facts/reasoning, examples & quotations; strong stand from writer presenting argument
thesis
main idea/ central focus of essay
thesis statement
guides entire essay; must be clearly stated
plan of development
3 main ideas that support the thesis; 3 strongest ideas
prewriting
develop thesis
develop POD
brain storming
how writer develops response by narrowing it down to relevant info
itroductory paragraph
attention getter
thesis
POD
body paragraph 1
1st main idea
topic sentence
transition
support
body paragraph 2
2nd main idea
topic sentence
transition
support
3 body paragraph
3 main idea
topic sentence
transition
support
closing
transition-concluding- no "finally's"
restate thesis
summarize POD
final thought
attention getter
method to grab reader's attention
must be first
relevant to topic
2-5 sentences
transitions
beginning of body paragraph
words/phrases to continue smoothly
body paragraph
explains relationship between thesis statement and POD
topic sentence
beginning of body paragraph
clear relationship between thesis statement and support
sentences of support
relate thesis statement to POD
parallel structure
POD in same specific order
closing paragraph
final paragraph
ties everything together
summary
points out the fact the POD clearly supports the thesis
final thought
strong language to make reader remember
t/f it's ok to use 1st or second person pronouns in 5 paragraph essays
f
t/f it's not ok to use contractions in 5 paragraph essays
t
what king of q's should u avoid in 5 paragraph essays?
rhetorical questions
t/f you should have confidence in your writing
t
t/f you should flatly state your intentions in 5 paragraph essays
f
what should you avoid using in 5 paragraph essays?
cliches
t/f you should pend a lot of time developing an introductory paragraph
f
aristotle's unified plot
triangle; driven by cause and effect; linear path
beginning events middle events end
freytags pyramid
driven by conflict between protagonist and antognist