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Medical words consist of what three basic components?
word roots, prefixes, suffixes
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What is a word root?
A word root is the basic foundation of a word, to which component parts are added. By adding other elements to the word root, the meaning of the word changes.
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What does the word root cardi mean?
heart
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What does the word root dermat mean?
skin
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Define cardiologist and identify word components.
One who specializes in the study of the heart. word root: cardi, suffix: --logist (one who specializes), combining vowel: o
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Define cardiology and identify word components.
the study of the heart; -logy (the study of) is the suffix, o is the combining vowel.
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Define Carditis and identify word components.
inflammation of the heart; -itis (inflammation) is the suffix
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Define Cardiac and identify word components.
pertaining to the heart; -ac (pertaining to) is the suffix
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Define dermatosis and identify word components.
condition of the skin; -osis (condition) is a word root.
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Define acrodermatitis and identify word components.
inflammation of the skin of the extremities, -itis (inflammation) is a suffix, dermat is a word root, acr (extremities) is a word root, o is the combining vowel.
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Define hypodermic and identify word components.
pertaining to under the skin, -ic (pertaining to) is a suffix, hypo- (under) is a prefix.
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What is a combining form?
A combining form is created when a word root is combined with a vowel. The combining vowel is usually an o, sometimes an i
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Why do you use a combining vowel when forming a word?
It helps in pronunciation by allowing the word to flow as opposed to being choppy without the vowel.
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What is a compound word?
When a word has more than one word root. Usually, a combining vowel is used to separate the word roots even when they begin with a vowel, but there are alwaus exceptions!
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Define cardiomyopathy and identify word components.
any disease that affects the structure and function of the heart; there are 2 word roots cardi (heart) and my (muscle). -pathy is the suffix, the combining vowels are the o in between each root.
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Define myoelectric and identify word components.
pertaining to the electrical properties of the muscle; root= my (muscle), root= electr (electric), suffix= -ic (pertaining to), vowel= o
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Define lymphadenopathy and identify word components.
any disease of the lymph nodes; root= lymph (meaning lymph) root= aden (gland) suffix=pathy (disease), vowel= o
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Define megalocardia and identify word components.
enlargement of the heart; root= megal (enlargement), root= card (heart), suffix= ia
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What is a suffix?
A suffix is a word element attached to the end of a word root.
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Define cardialgia and identify word elements.
pain in the heart; -algia (pain) is the suffix, cardi (heart)is the word root. Note: no combining vowel used since the suffix begins with a vowel.
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Define cardiocentesis and identify word elements.
surgical puncture of the heart; -centesis (surgical puncture) is the suffix, cardi (heart) is the word root. Note: the combining vowel was used because the suffix begins with a consonant.
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What is a prefix?
A prefix is a word element added at the beginning of a word, they attach directly to the beginning of the word.
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Define endocardium and identify word elements.
within the heart, the inner lining of the heart; endo- (within) is a prefix, -um (structure, tissue) is a noun suffix.
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Define intracardiac and identify word elements.
pertaining to within the heart; intra- (within) is a prefix, -ac (pertaining to) is an adjective suffix.
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Define pericardial and identify word elements.
pertaining to around the heart; peri- (around) is a prefix, -al (pertaining to) is an adjective suffix.
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Define anuria and identify word elements.
absence of urine; an- (without or adsence of) is a prefix, -ia (condition) is a noun suffix.
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Define dysuria and identify word elements.
Painful or difficult urination; dys- (difficult or painful) is a prefix, -ia (condition) is a noun suffix.
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Define polyuria and identify word elements.
excessive amount of urine; poly- (excessive or more then normal) is a prefix, -ia (condition) is a noun suffix.
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Can a medical term be constructed with only a prefix and suffix?
yes. example: apnea; composed of the prefix a- (without) and the suffix -pnea (breathing).
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How do you define a medical word?
the definition of a medical word usually begins with defining the suffix first and reading backward through the word to define it. When a medical word has a prefix, definition begins with the suffix first, the prefix second and the roots last.
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Define hyperhidrosis.
condition (-osis) or excessive (hyper-) sweating (hidr)
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Define hypoglycemia.
blood condition (-emia) of low or less than normal (hypo-) sugar (glyc)
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Define cardiopulmonary.
pertaining to (-ary) the heart (cardi) and lungs (pulmon). the o is a combining vowel for the 2 word roots.
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Define hysterosalpingectomy.
removal of (-ectomy) the uterus (hyster) and fallopian tubes (salping). The o is a combining vowel for the 2 word roots.
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Define nasopharyngitis.
inflammation (-itis) of the nose (nas) and throat (pharyng). The o is a combining vowel for the 2 word roots.
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What is an eponym?
An eponym is a name for a disease, organ, procedure, or body function that is derived from the name of a person.
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What are three examples of eponyms?
Parkinson's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and Hodgkin's disease.
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