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what are atoms like hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2, hydrogen-3 called?
isotopes
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what are some benefits of nuclear fission?
electricity , conserves fossil fuels , and reduce air pollution
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what is the primary fuel for a nuclear fusion reactor?
2 hydrogen atomic nuclei
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what is nuclear fusion?
the splitting of atomic nuclei into pieces or fragments
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where does nuclear fusion occurs primarily?
the sun
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which process, fission or fusion, produces the least amount of nuclear waste?
fussion
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what particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons
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what is atomic number:?
number of protons
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what is mass number?
number of neutrons AND protons
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which type of radiation are x-rays similar to?
gamma rays
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what is an alpha particle made up of?
2 protons AND 2 neutrons
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which type of radiation will penetrate the farthest into a material?
gamma rays
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which type of radiation has a negative charge?
beta
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which type of radiation has no charge?
gamma
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what is the time needed for half of a radioactive sample to decay called?
half-life
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if the half-life of a radioactive material is 4 days, how much would remain after 16 days?
1/16
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where does most of the radiation come from that we are exposed to?
background radiation/space and ground
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what type of radioactive decay occurs when the atomic number decreases by two>
alpha decay
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what type of radioactive decay occurs when the atomic number increases by one?
beta decay
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when radium(88 protons) ejects an alpha particle, the nucleus left behind has how many protons?
86 protons
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if carbon (6 protons) ejects a beta particle, how many protons are in the nucleus left behind?
7 protons
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how are the elements after uranium produced?
transmutation
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what does "E" stand for in the equation E=mc2 ?
energy
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what does the "m" stand for in the equation E=mc2?
mass
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what does the "c" stand for in the equation E=mc2?
speed of light
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what unit is energy measured in with einsteins equation?
joules
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can a small amout of mass produce a lot of energy
yes
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what does the Savannah RIver Site Do?
produces tritium which , was used for nuclear weapons.
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what is an advantage and disadvantage of nuclear fission reactors?
advantages: plentiful electricity, conserves fossil fuel, and reduces air pollution.
disadvantages: storage of radioactive waste, risks of accidents, and danger of nuclear weapons
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what particle is 42He ?
alpha particle
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what particle is 0-1O?
beta particle
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what does the beta particle do to the atomic number?
makes it go up
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which particles are the weakest to strongest , in order?
alpha, beta, gamma
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what are isotopes?
atoms of the same element but , have different numbers of neutrons.
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what is critical mass?
the minimum mass needed for the material.
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