Ch3

Bones, bone marrow, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and bursa

tough fibrous materials that forms the outermost portion

dense, hard, very strong, forms outer protective layer of bones,

lighter, not as strong, found in the ends of long bones. Red marrow is found here

located in the shaft of the long bone and is surrounded by bone

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity

located within the spongy bone. Manufactures red blood cells

functions as a fat storage area. Located in the medullary cavity

pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

is smooth rubbery tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

covers the surface of the bones where they come together to form joints.

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

shaft of a long bone

covered with articular cartilage Proximal and distal

Opening in bone. It houses blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments. This allows attachment

Projection on the surface of a bone. Serves as attachment surface for ligaments and tendons.

The place of union between 2 or more bones.

Consist of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue. These joints are knows as sutures in adults.

soft spots

where ribs connect to the sternum.

allows movement to facilitate childbirth.

created where 2 bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.

lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant

Fibrous sac. Cushion to ease movement. Shoulder, elbow, knee joints, where tendon passes over a bone.

protects the major organs.

makes body movements possible. Also protects organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction.

loss or absence of mobility in a joint or due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure.

stiffness of the joints

inflammation of a bursa

slow growing benign tumor originating from cartilage cells

Inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.

Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe.

blood within a joint.

inflammation of the synovial membrane.

inflammation of the synovial membrane.

It is the total displacement of a bone from its joint.

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

wear and tear arthritis. Known as DJD- degenerative joint disease

also known as degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function. Aka spinal arthritis.

Deposits of uric acid in joints. Uric acid forms crystals in the joints of the feet and legs.

Chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of the body systems are attacked. The synovial membranes are inflamed and thickened causing painful, swollen, and immovable joints

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.

Autoimmune disorder that affects children 16 years old or younger. Causes stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

abnormal increase in the outward curve of the spine.

abnormal increase in the forward curve of the lumbar spine.

Abnormal lateral curve of the spine

slipped or ruptured disk. This is the breaking apart of an intervertebral disk.

Low back pain. Lumbar region.

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it.

congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spindal canal fails to close completely around the cord.

malformation of the skull due to premature closing of the skull

unknown cause. Destroys normal tissue and replaces is with fibrous tissue.

Pain in the bone.

an inflammation of bone.

Softening of bones. Related to a deficiency of Vit D and Calcium

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

Death of the bone tissue.

unknown cause. Excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation. Enlarged but weakened and filled with new blood vessels.

inflammation of the periosteum. Associated with shin splints

infantile Osteomalacia

dwarfism. Little people. 4’10”

clubfoot

rare malignant tumor that originates from bone.

tumors that have metastasized from other areas.

type of cancer that occurs in blood making cells. Often fatal.

benign bony projection covered with cartilage.

thinner than average bone density in a young person. May develop osteoporosis.

vertebral crush fracture.

fracture at lower end of radius when person tries to stop a fall with the hands.

broken hip. Can occur spontaneously.

simple. No open skin.

compound. Skin is broken.

one in which the bone is splintered or crushed.

incomplete. Bone is only partially broken.

occurs at an angle

weakened bone breaks under normal strain.

bone has twisted apart. Common in sports injuries.

over use, small crack in bone.

occurs straight across the bone.

can form when a long bone is fractured.

grating sound heard when ends of a bone move together

bulging deposit around a break.

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone, or joining a bone to cartilage.

Forms the forehead

Portion of the skull that encloses the brain

2 bones that form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium

2 bones that form the sides and base of the cranium

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit.

the bony socket that surrounds and protects the eyeball.

six tiny bones of the middle ear

external opening of the canal

2 bones that form the upper part of the bridge of the nose.

articulate with the frontal bones, cheekbones

2 bones form most of the upper jaw.

2 bones that form part of the hard palate of the mouth and floor of the nose.

2 bones that make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye

2 thing, scroll like bones that form part of the interior of the nose

forms the base for the nasal septum

cartilage wall that divides the two nasal cavaties

jawbone

joint that attaches the mandible to the skull

bony structure that protects the heart and lungs

aka costals, 12 pairs, attache posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae

first 7 pairs of ribs that are attached anteriorly to the sternum

3 pairs that are attached anteriorly to cartilage that joins with the sternum

last 2 pairs that are only attached posteriorly

forms the iddle of the front of the rib cage and is divided into 3 parts

bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

supports the arms and hands (aka the shoulder girdle)

structure that encircles the body

collar bone, is a slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula

shoulder blade

an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

the bone of the upper arm

smaller and shorter bone in the forearm. runs up the thumb side of the forearm

larger and longer bone of the forearm. the proximal end of the ulna articulates withe the distal end of the humerus to form the elbow joint.

funny bone, is a large projection on the upper und of the ulna

the bones that form the wrist

5 bones that form the palms of the hand

14 bones of the fingers, also of the toes

vertebral column, supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord

26, bony structure units of the spinal column

solid anterior portion

posterior portion of the vertebra

the opening in the middle of the vertebra

the first set of seven vertebrae that for the neck c1-c7

second set of 12 vertebrae, form the outward curve of the spine. t1-t12

last 5 vertebrae, form inward curve of the lower spine. l1-l5

slightly curved, triangular shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back

form the end of the spine and is actually made up of 4 small vertebrae that are fused together.

made of cartilage, separate and cusion the vertebrae from each other

pelvis or hips, protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities

broad blade shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone

slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium

forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears the weight of the body when sitting

forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone, which is just below the urinary bladder

the ileum,ichium, and the pubis art separate at birth but fuse together. Held together by the pubic symphysis

hip socket, the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

the upper leg bone

complex joints that make possible movement between the upper and lower leg

means referring to the posterior space behind the knee where the legaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located

make possible the movements of the knee. Known as the anterior and posterior cruciate legaments

the larger weight bearing bone in the anterior of the lower leg (shin bone)

the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle

form the joint between the lower leg and the foot.

seven bones that make up the ankle

the anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

heel bone, the largest of the tarsal bones

5 bones that form part of the foot to which the toes are attached

holds dr of chiropractic degree and specialized in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine.

a physician who speacilizes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

dr of osteopathy and uess traiditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation.

speacializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

x-ray

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test

the use of a syringe to withdraw the liquid bone marrow

used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints

a form of nuclear medicine

used to determine losses or changes in bone density

a screening test for osteoporsoris or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass

a low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

used to treat certain types of cancers

uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor

originating within another

the patient receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleansed, treated, and then stored before the remaining bone marrow is destroyed

originating within and individual

mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

a substitute for a diseased or msising body part

surgical ankylosis, is a surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

a surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

the surgical removal of a bursa

surgical repair of damaged cartilage

cartilage

bursa

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

the surgical repair of a damanged joint

an alternative to removing the head of the femur. function is restored to the hip by placing a metal cap over the head of the femur to allow it to move smoothly over a metal lining in the acetabulum

is the replacement of a worn or failed implant

treats a herniated intervertebral disk. a thin tube is inserted through the skin of the back to suction out the ruptured disk or to vaporize it with a laser

treats osteoporosis related compression fracture. bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column

surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra

surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

an incision through the periosteum to the bone

the attempted realignment of the bone involeved in a fracture or joint dislocation

a puling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effor to return the bone or joint to normal alignment

a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieaces of bone firmly in place during healing

a fracture treatment which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place. usually not removed after the fracture heals