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Agnostic/Agnosticism
- good doubters
- math, science, and strong witnessable experiences bring real knowledge, while faith rests on fickle feelings
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Atheism/Atheist
- Belief that God does not exist.
- religion = bad
- science etc = good (source of understanding)
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monotheist
belief in one God
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Polytheist
Belief in many Gods
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Pantheist
belief that everything in the universe is divine
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Canon
- originally "measured reed"
- texts used to measure or set or establish or act as authorative for some community
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Fundamentalist
someone reacting against new ideas
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Liberal
- someone who stresses:
- - individual sense of who God is
- -an acceptance of other faiths
- -a human veiw of the bible
- -a negative veiw of hell
- -modern issues (i.e. equal rights for women, homosexuals)
- -likes new technology, John Lennon, and Buddhism
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Conservatives
- stress:
- -a traditional, communal, historic sense of who God is
- -the differences between our faith and others
- -the Authority and Divine origin of the Bible
- -the consequences of evil
- -traditional issues like morality and the family
- -likes antiques, nationalism, and Islam
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Orthodox
- ortho = right
- doxa = belief
- most conservative groups
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Exclusivism/Option One
the belief that only my religion is right and my religion is the only path to salvation
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Fulfillment Theory/soft Exclusivism/option two
christianity is the fulfillment of all other positive religions
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Inclusivism/anonymous Christian Theory
the belief that one religion is best but others can be pretty good and even lead to salvation
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pluralism/dialogue in the truth (Kung)
all religions lead to salvation, each one as good as any other, yet we must point to the uniqueness of Jesus not the exclusiveness
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Universalism/Relativism
we all have our own truth when it comes to religion
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Anatman
"no self" there is no soul. one of three characteristics of existance: impermanence, suffering, and no-self
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Karma
Law of cause and effect - what you do comes back to you
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Hinduism
Western term for the religions of ideas (other than Muslim, Buddhist, Sikh, Christian, Jain, etc.)
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Advaita
Non-duality - the idea that all is ultimately one. Pantheism is the Western term for this Indian idea
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Dharma
Law or Duty or path - law Karma follows
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Krishna
Hindu god who is the incarnation of Vishnu
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Moksha
(compare to heaven and nirvana) - Hindu heaven - release from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth
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Samsara
cycle of death, birth, rebirth, etc - this passing physical world
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Bodhisattva
in Mahayana Buddhism it is a person who is striving toward enlightenment and puts enlightenment off so that he/she can help others on their path - they share their merit with others
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Dali Lama
literally "great ocean leader" - the highest Lama or spiritual guide in the Tibetan Buddhism
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Bardo
(Tibetian Buddhism) - this is the state one is in (always passing) now we are in the bardo of existence
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Dependent Origination
link between moments as they arise and decay in the endless, impermanent flow of existence...the phrase explains how ego-ridden existence perceives cause and effect
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Dharma
That which is firmly established or doctrinal or orthodox. The path taught by the Buddha
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Eight Fold Path
middle way between worldliness and asceticism
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Four Noble Truths
- 1. there is suffering
- 2. suffering is caused by desire
- 3. the cessation of suffering is possible
- 4. following this path will stop suffering
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Mahayana
"greater vehicle" - refers to northern Buddhism which sees that the way to enlightenment is open to all
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Nirvana
"blowing out of a flame" - marks the end of suffering and freedom from rebirth
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Pure Land
- paradise established by the Amitabha Buddha by reason of his great merit and compassion for suffering beings who by faith may enter this paradise at death.
- It is also the name of a Buddhist sect in Japan - Jodo
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Rain Retreat
when Theravada monks remain in the monastery and intensify their discipline and study
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Theravada
the way of the elders, southern Budhism that seems to stress the grace of a Buddha
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Zen
Japanese sect of sitting meditation - seek a state of no mind
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TULIP
- -Total Depravity
- -Unconditional Election
- -Limited Atonement
- -Irresistible Grace
- -Perseverance of the Saints
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Muslim and Islam
roots mean peace, but both really mean submission
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Five pillars of Islam
- -Confession (there is no God but god, Muhammad is his prophet)
- -Salat - prayer five times a day
- -Give to the poor
- -Fast during Ramadan
- -Hajj - trip to Mecca
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The Quran is to Islam as
_______ is to Christianity
Jesus - although both Quran and Bible are books since most Muslims see the Koran as perfect (the path of salvation), a perfect copy of something in heaven, and taken into the believer...
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Christian theory of Organic Inspiration vs Islamic Dictation Inspiration
- Organic Inspiration - God works through the lives and histories of the writers (hundreds of writers over many years)
- Dictation Inspiration - God puts exact words in the head of the writer (Muhammad over a few years)
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Salat
Prayer (5 times a day)
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Shi'a vs Sunni
- Shi'a - smaller sect of Islam - found in Iran and Southern Iraq mainly - 12 leaders from Muhammad's family, await the return of the 12th Immam
- Sunni - majority - 85-90% - follow the will of the community
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500 year theory of Church History
- 500 BC - The life of Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)
- 70 - Israel destroyed
- 325 - Nicea says Jesus is God and man alive
- 622 - Islam begins their calendar
- 1054 - Eastern and Western churches split
- 1517 - reformation
- 1776 - rise of modernism
- 1859 - Darwin publishes Origin of Species1920s - rise of fundamentalism against modernism
- 1948 - Israel again becomes a state
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Missiology
Theory of missions
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Koran
written down by Uthman
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Siddharta Guatama
Spoiled and never allowed to see pain, saw pain when he was about 30, sought to discover a way out of suffering, tried the Hindu way (didn't work), then found a middle way - became the Buddha or Enlightened One
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