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POTLATCH
An elaborate ceremony where families displayed their rank and prosperity and gave food, drink, and gifts to the community
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IROQUOIS LEAGUE
A political alliance among tribes in upper New York. Their goal was to promote joint defense and cooperation
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POPOL VUH
The most famous of the books telling of Maya history, which recounts the Highland Maya's version of the story of creation
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GLYPH
A symbolic picture; especially one used as part of a writing system for carving messages in stone
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MONTEZUMA II
He was crowned emperor in 1502 of the Aztecs and the empire began to get weak
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QUETZALCOATL
"The Feathered Serpent", a peace god of the Toltecs created by the ruler Topitzin
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MITA
In the Inca Empire, the requirement that all able-bodied subjects work for the state a certain number of days each year
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TIKAL
A major city in northern Guatemala built by the Maya
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PACHACUTI
A powerful and ambitious ruler who conquered all Peru and moved into neighbor lands in the Inca Empire
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TEOTIHUACAN
First major civilization of Central Mexico
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RENAISSANCE
French word for rebirth of the ancient culture and the revival of art and learning
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PERSPECTIVE
Technique that renaissance painters used which shows 3D on a flat surface
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VERNACULAR
The native or everyday language in a region
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INDULGENCE
A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
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SECULAR
Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
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HUMANISM
Renaissance intelectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
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PREDESTINATION
The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternity saved
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UTOPIA
An imaginary land, or an ideal place
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PEACE OF AUGSBURG
A 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler
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COUCIL OF TRENT
A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the protestant reformers
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JOHANN GUTENBERG
A craftsman from Mainz who developed a printing press
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SULEYMAN I
A superb military leader who came to the throne in 1520, was called "the Lawgiver" and "the Magnificent." He had many cultural achievements
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DEVSHIRME
A part of a policy or system in which the Ottomans turned Christian boys into Islam to join the army
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TIMUR THE LAME
A rebellious warrior and conqueror from Samarikand who interrupted the expanison of the Ottoman Empire
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GHAZI
A warrior for Islam
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JANISSARIES
A member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire
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MUGHAL EMPIRE
An empire founded by Babur in India. Mughals or mongols were the people who lived there
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SHAH ABBAS
The Great. He took the throne in 1587. He was the greatest ruler of the Mughal Empire, promoted progress and cultural blending
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SAFAVID
A Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia between the 16th and 18th centuries
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OSMAN
The most successful ghazi who built a small Muslim state in Anatolia, he had military success based on the use of gunpowder and cannons as weapons to attack
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ISMA'IL
A 12 year old that began to seize most of what is now Iran and imposed Shi'a religion in the Safavid Empire
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