at what stage is there no clinical evidence of disease?
initial lesion
what is the clinical appearance of an initial lesion?
no clinical evidence
what lesion occurs at 7-14 days?
early lesion
when does an early lesion occur?
7-14 days
during what lesion does the epithelium proliferate and rete ridges form?
early lesion
t/f an early lesion is not reversible
FALSE! screech to a stop and REVERSE!
what is the clinical appearance of an early lesion?
early gingivitis
during what lesion stage does early gingivitis begin?
early lesion
what lesion stage is the inflammatory response to dental biofilm?
initial lesion
what lesion is early pocket formation?
established lesion
what lesion can be classified as early periodontal lesion?
established lesion
what are four clinical appearances of an established lesion
inflammation
marginal redness
spongy
BOP
during what lesion stage does alveolar bone destruction begin?
advanced lesion
what are five characteristics of an advanced lesion?
pocket formation
bone loss
mobility
no stippling
gums shiny and smooth
what is the progression of perio?
healthy to gingivitis to moderate perio to severe perio
what are three things used to determine case type?
pt history
clinical exam
radiographs
a pocket is a diseased _____
sulcus
what is a term used to describe a variety of inflammatory and degenerative disease that affect the supporting structures of the teeth?
periodontal disease
the ____ and the _____ is the area of treatment where calculus collects and instrumentation for perio therapy is applied
sulcus
pocket
it is the presence of what that distinguishes a pocket from a sulcus
infection
what is a pocket formed by gingival enlargement without apical migration of the junctional epithelium
gingival pocket
what is a pocket formed as a result of disease that causes the junctional epithelium to migrate apically along the cementum
periondontal pocket
what is the tooth wall for a gingival pocket?
enamel
t/f the deeper perio structures are involved with a gingival pocket
FALSE SUCKA! the are not involved
are gingival pockets suprabony, intrabony or both?
suprabony
what is the tooth wall for a periodontal pocket?
cementum
t/f a periodontal pocket can be suprabony or intrabony
true
what perio type is early gingivitis with bleeding?
type I
what perio type is early perio? What are two characteristics of it?
type II
slight bone loss
slight attachment loss
what perio type is moderate perio?
type III
what perio type has destruction of periosteum, mobility, bone loss and possible furcation involvement?
type III
what perio type is advanced perio?
type IV
what perio type has severe bone loss, increased teeth mobility, furcation involvement and 7 mm pockets?
type IV
when _____ is present the pocket wall follows the contour of it
calculus
what are five substances found in a pocket?
microorganisms
fluid
epithelial cells
leukocytes
purulent exudate-pus
what are some examples of supragingival tooth surface irregulatities?
decalcification or demineralization
fluorosis
pits from hypoplasia
what are some examples of subgingival tooth irregularities?
root caries
abrasion
calculus
overhanging fillings
what are five causes for surface roughness on the enamel?
structural defects
deminieralization
calc and stain
erosion and abrasion
hypoplastic pits
what % does the cementum overlap the enamel?
60-65%
what % does the cementum meet the enamel?
30%
what % is the dentin exposed because of a gap between the cementum and enamel?
5-10%
what are six examples of root surface roughness?
diseased cementum
root caries
abrasion
calc
overhanging restorations
grooves from previous cleaning
which furcation class is the early stage with beginning involvement and the probe can enter the furcation area?
class I
what furcation class is moderate involvement and the probe can enter the furcation but not pass thru roots?
class II
what furcation class is severe involvement and the probe can pass through the furcation but there is still tissue covering area?
class III
what furcation class is severe involvement and the furcation is exposed due to bone loss and recession?
class IV
t/f class three furcation involvement has tissue covering furcation but probe can pass through the furcation?
true dat mmhmm
what are three functions of attached gingiva?
supports marginal gingiva
withstands chewing stresses
attachment for alveolar mucosa
what acts as a barrier to keep infection outside the body?
junctional epithelium (epthelial attachment)
without the _____ _____ inflammation could go into the alveolar mucosa
junctional epithelium
what is the primary factor in development of periodontal disease?
biofilm
what is a factor that is the actual cause of a disease or condition?
etiologic factor
what is a factor that renders a person susceptible to a disease or condition?
predisposing factor
what is a factor that lends assistance to supplements or adds to a condition or disease?
contributing factor
what is an exposure that increases the probability that disease will occur?
risk factor
t/f etiologic, predisposing and contributing factors may be local or systemic
tttrruue
what is a factor in the immediate environment of the oral cavity or specifically in the environment of the teeth or periodontium
local factor
what is a factor that results from or is influenced by a general physical or mental disease or condition?
systemic factor
what are four contributing dental factors in disease development?
tooth surface irregularities
tooth contour
tooth position
dental prostheses
what are three contributing gingva factors in disease development
position-recession
size and contour
mouth breathin
what are the five self cleansing mechanisms?
food enters mouth and saliva flow increases
chewing-contact areas prevent interdental enterance
food forced out by bite pressure-embrasures provide spillways for particles
additional chewing-more saliva to moisten food for swallowing
remaining food-tongue explores and saliva rinses
what are three drugs that lead to gingival enlargement and encourages dental biofilm retention and thus causing periodontal disease?
phenytoin-seizures
cyclosporine-organ transplants
nifedipine-angina and ventricular arrhythmias
what form of tobacco provides a risk for periodontal disease?
any form
t/f people with diabetes have an increased risk for perio infections
true
t/f patients with well controlled diabetes and healthy perio tissues have less of a risk for infections
yesh em so true
what is a psychosocial factor for increasing the risk of perio infections?
high levels of social strain
stress
what is a stress related condition caused by poor oral hygiene, the gums are red and inflamed, very painful and to treat peridex is used before instrumentation and toothpaste is used instead of prophy paste?