Pilot Exam - Aerodynamics

3203. The acute angle A is the angle of:

A. incidence.
B. Dihedral
C. Attack

3204. The term "angle of attack" is defined as the angle:

A. between the wing chord line and the relative wind.
B. between the airplane's climb angle and the horizon.
C. formed by the longitudinal axis of the airplane and the chord line of the wing.

3204-1 The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind is known as the angle of :

A. Incidence
B. Attack
C. Lift

3317 Angle of attack is defined as the angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the:

A. pitch angle of an airfoil.
B. direction of the relative wind.
C. rotor plane of rotation.

3201-1 Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?

A. An additional upward force is generated as the lower surface of the wing deflects air downward.
B. Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
C. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

3201 The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are:

A. lift, weight, gravity, and thrust.
B. lift, gravity, power, and friction.
C. lift, weight, thrust, and drag.

3213 What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane?

A. To control over-banking tendency.
B. To control roll.
C. To control yaw.

3205 What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight and level flight?

A. Lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.
B. Lift, drag, and weight equal thrust.
C. Lift and weight equal thrust and drag.

3202 When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?

A. During unaccelerated flight.
B. When the aircraft is accelerating.
C. When the aircraft is at rest on the ground.

3210 An airplane said to be inherently stable will:

A. Require less effort to control.
B. Not spin.
C. Be difficult to stall.

3211 What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?

A. The relationship of the thrust and lift to weight and drag.
B. The location of the CG with respect to center of lift.
C. The effectiveness of the horizontal stabilizer, rudder, and rudder trim tab.

3212 What causes an airplane, except a t-tail, to pitch nose-down when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?

A. The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.
B. The CG shifts forward when thrust and drag are reduced.
C. When thrust is reduced to less than weight, lift is also reduced and the wings can no longer support the weight.

3287 An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be:

A. Difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition.
B. Stalling at higher than normal airspeed.
C. A longer takeoff run.

3288 Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be:

A. Less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds.
B. Less stable at all speeds.
C. Less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at hight speeds.

3211.1 Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affects the aircraft's:

A. aerodynamic balance and controllability .
B. lifting capacity.
C. lift/drag ration.

3214 (Refer to Figure 2) If an airplane weights 2,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 60 degree banked turn while maintaining altitude?



A. 2300 pounds
B. 3400 pounds
C. 4600 pounds

3215 (Refer to Figure 2) If an airplane weighs 3,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 30 degree banked turn while maintaining altitude?



A. 3960 pounds
B. 3100 pounds
C. 1200 pounds

3216 (Refer to Figure 2.) If an airplane weighs 4500 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 45 degree banked turn while maintaining altitude?



A. 4500
B. 7200
C. 6750

3217 The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the:

A. speed of the airplane.
B. position of the CG
C. abruptness at which the load is applied.

3218 Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight and level flight?

A. Turns
B. Climbs
C. Stalls

3301 What force makes an airplane turn?

A. The horizontal component of lift.
B. The vertical component of lift.
C. Centrifugal force.

3316 During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to:

A. have a tendency to spin.
B. stall at a higher airspeed.
C. be more difficult to control.

3202-1 Select the four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft:

A. Starting, taxiing, takeoff, and landing.
B. Straight and level flight turns, climbs, and descents.
C. Aircraft power, pitch, bank, and trim

3202-2 (Refer to Figure 63) In flying the rectangular course, when would the aircraft be turned less than 90 degrees?



A. Corners 1 and 4
B. Corners 1 and 2
C. Corners 2 and 4

3202-3 (Refer to Figure 67) While practicing S turns a consistently smaller half circle is made on one side of the road than on the other, and this turn is not completed before crossing the road or reference line. This would most likely occur in turn:



A. 1-2-3 because the bank is decreased too rapidly during the latter part of the turn.
B. 4-5-6 because the bank is increased too rapidly during the early part of the turn.
C. 4-5-6 because the bank is increased too slowly during the latter part of the turn.

3202-4 If an emergency situation requires a downwind landing, pilots should expect a faster:

A. ground speed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and the likelihood of overshooting the desired touchdown point.
B. airspeed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and better control throughout the landing roll.
C. ground speed at touchdown, a shorter ground roll and the likelihood of undershooting the desired touchdown point.

3263 As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will:

A. remain the same regardless of altitude
B. decrease as the true airspeed increases
C. decrease as the true airspeed decreases

3309 In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?

A. In a steep diving spiral
B. Stalled
C. Partially stalled with one wing low

3310 During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?

A. Both wings are stalled
B. Only the left wing is stalled
C. Neither wing is stalled

3311 The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will:

A. remain the same regardless of gross weight
B. increase if the CG is moved forward
C. change with an increase in gross weight

3219 One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to:

A. increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed
B. decrease the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed.
C. permit a touchdown at a higher indicated airspeed

3220 What is one purpose of wing flaps?

A To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed
B. To relieve the pilot of maintaining continuous pressure on the controls.
C. To decrease wing area to vary the lift

3315 Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?

A. Becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed
B. Settling to the surface abruptly during landing
C. Inability to get airborne even though airspeed is sufficient for normal takeoff needs.

3312 What is ground effect?

A. The result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane.
B. The result of an alteration in the airflow patterns increasing induced drag about the wings of an airplane.
C. The result of the disruption of the airflow patterns about the wings of an airplane to the point where the wings will no longer support the airplane in flight.

3313 Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at:

A. less than the length of the wingspan above the surface.
B. twice the length of the wingspan above the surface.
C. a higher than normal angle of attack.

3314 What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?

A. Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed a the point of flare may cause considerable floating.
B. A full stall landing will require less up elevator deflection than would a full stall when done free of ground effect.
C. Wingtip vortices increase creating wake turbulence problems for arriving and departing aircraft.

3829-2 When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance?

A. Stay above its final approach flight path all the way to touchdown.
B. Stay below and to one side of its final approach flightpath.
C. Stay well below its final approach flightpath and land at least 2000 feet behind.

3829-3 How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?

A. Inward, upward, and counterclockwise.
B. Inward, upward, and around each tip.
C. Outward, upward, and around each tip.

3827 When taking off or landing at an airport when heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to:

A. rise from a crossing runway into the takeoff or landing path.
B. rise into the traffic pattern area surrounding the airport.
C. sink into the flight path of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence.

3824 Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is:

A. developing lift.
B. heavily loaded.
C. operating at high airspeeds.

3825 The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is:

A. heavy, dirty, and fast.
B. light, dirty, and fast.
C. heavy, clean and slow.

3826 Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to:

A. sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.
B. rise into the traffic pattern.
C. rise into the takeoff or landing path of a crossing runway.

3828 The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a:

A light quartering headwind.
B. light, quartering tailwind.
C. strong headwind.

3829 When landing behind a large aircraft the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying:

A. above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft's touchdown point.
B. below the large aircraft's final approach path and landing before the large aircraft's touchdown point.
C. above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing before the large aircraft's touchdown point.

3830 When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft:

A. below and downwind from the heavy aircraft.
B. above and upwind from the heavy aircraft.
C. below and upwind from the heavy aircraft.