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Trauma
“A physical injury or wound produced by internal or external force
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what are acute injuries?
- there is heat and redness
- sudden traumatic incident
- short, severe course
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what is best way to heal acute injury?
ice
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what is chronic injury?
- weeks,months,years
- healing and rehab incomplete
- gradual progression
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what is a recurrent injury?
- acute injury
- healing and rehab completed
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what is a contusion
- "bruise" (skin, muscle, tendon, bone, fat)
- superficial or deep
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what is ecchymosis?
- bluish purple discoloration
- superficial
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what is a hematoma?
collection of pool of blood in restricted area
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what is myositis ossificans?
muscle near its origin to bone
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three types of myositis ossificans
- along msucle origin
- within muscle belly
- traumatized joint or fracture site
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bursitis
inflammation of bursa
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causes of myositis ossificans
- acute trauma
- repeated trauma
- active use following trauma
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signs of myositis ossificans
- sweeling
- tenderness
- pain on motion
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closed (simple) fracture
no external exposure
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open (compound) fracture
can see wound but may or may not be able to see bone
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greenstick fracture
incomplete break( one side broken one side bent)
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comminuted fracture
- bone broken in to several pieces
- at least into three pieces to be considered comminuted
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linear fracture
runs parallel to long axis of bone
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transverse fracture
broken perpendicular tothe way bone runs
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oblique fracture
broken in an angle
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spiral fracture
caused by a twisting force
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impacted fracture
one broken end wedged into other broken end
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avulsion fracture
When a ligament pulls so hard on the part of the bone it is attached to that a small bone fragment breaks off.
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blowout fracture
fracture of one of the bones surrounding the eye
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serrated fracture
two endds of bone rubbing against each other
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depressed fracture
occurs in flat bone eg skull
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stress fracture
Usually happens with repeated stress, overuse, improper use, or returning to play before an injury has fully healed.
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what is the breaking point of tendon injuries- (%)
6-8% increase in length
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Subluxation
partial dislocation
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3 types of tendon injuries
- tendinitis
- tendinosis
- tenosynovitis
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tendinosis
breakdown of tendon without inflammation
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tenosynovitis
inflammation of tendon and its synnovial sheath
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_______ is a damage to muscle or musculo-tendinous unit
strain
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Grade I strain
- full ROM
- no functional loss
- not musch sweeling or discoloration
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Grade II strain
- moderate functional loss, swelling, discoloration
- pain when contracting
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Grade III strain
- total tearing
- increasing swelling and discloration
- cant move joint
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_____ is an injury to a ligament
sprain
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Grade I sprain
- no functional loss
- not musch sweeling or discoloration
- 80-100% normal ligament function
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Grade II sprain
moderate swelling, discoloration, pain, functional loss
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Grade III sprain
- compelte rupture
- avulsion fracture
- increase swelling and discoloration
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Abrasion
scraping, sliding injury to skin
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Laceration
jagged irregular tear in soft tissue
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Incision
- wound caused by sharp object
- blow over sharp or unprotected knee
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Puncture
- wound caused by penetrating object
- easy to get infected
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blister
seperation of epidermis and dermis
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Inflammatory response is
- SHARP
- sweeling
- heat
- altered loss or function
- redness
- pain
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