Sophomore Biology Midter

Nucleus

Electron

Isotope

Compound

Ionic Bond

Covalent Bond

Proton

Neutron

Atomic Number

atomic mass

The particles that make up atoms are

If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is -

What makes up a molecule of water?

A covalent bond is formed as a result of-

What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?

The most abundant compoun in most living things is-

A solution is a(n) -

If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured...

What is not a function of protiens?

The basic unit of matter is the-

when atoms share six electrons, they are joined by a ____ bond

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden pH changes are called ____

The substances present when a chemical reaction begins are the ___

Because they have the same number of protons and electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same ____ properties

a chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is a _____bond

A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and ____ atoms.

The pH scale is a measurement system that indicates the concentration of _____ in a solution

What structure serves as the cell's boundry from its enviornment

What is a function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels made of?

Diffusion moves from :

What means of particle transport requires input from the cell?

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

The cells of multicelular organsims are

A group of similar cells that can perform a function is called a-

A plant uses the radiant energy of the sun in the process of

When using radiant energy form the sun the plant takes in _____ _____ form the air

when using radiant energy form the sun the plant takes in ____ form its roots

The orgenelle thath the plant uses for this process of building molecules that store energy is the ___________

A chemical molecule in this organelle can absorb radiant energy from the sun. This chemical is

The reason a plant appears green is because this is the color of the visible spectrum that is ______ and not absorbed

The part of the plant that is made up of these light absorbing molecules is called a

the radiant energy from the sun excites the ________ in chlorophyll

the electrons that leave the chlorophyll are replaced from water. The water molecule is split. For each water molecule two ________ ___, two electrons and an atom of oxygen are produced

The electrons are transported by _______ molecules that are embedded in the thylakoid membrane. The flow of these electrons results in active transportof hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space

The hydrogen ions build up in the thylakoid space and then pass through a special protien enzyme called

The spinning of this molecule results in the formation of a short term energy molecule ___ from ADP

This short term energy molecule is used to power the second stage of photosynthesis which is the ______ cycle

In the light independent stage a long term energy molecule _______ id produced

a product of photosynthesis is

The long term energy molecule produced in photosynthesis is then broken down in the process of __________ and energy is released to be used for cellular activity in both plants and animals

The breakdown of glucose ossurs in the ___ cycle

Respiration takes place in the

as a cell becomes larger, is

as a cell grows, it

compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

What is the G2 phase?

When during the cell cycle is Dna replicated?

The cell cycle is the

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the dividing cell?

What is the order of the phases of mitosis?

What is the role of the spindle in mitosis

One difference between cell division in plant cells and animal cells is that plant cells have

What is a factor that can stop normal cells from growing?

Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If the cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the open space. What does the expiriment show?

Cancer is a disorder in which some cell have lost the ability to control

gregor mendell used pea plants to study

Offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits

Gregor Mendell concluded that traits are

When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F₁ plants inherited

The principle of dominance states that

When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because

If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce

When you flip a coin what is the probability it will come up tails?

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be

The positively charged particle in the atom is the __

two or more different atome are combined in definite proportions in any___

a covalent bond is formed by the ___

When you shake sugar and sand together in a test tuem you cause them to form a ___

A compound that produces hydrogen ions in a solution is a(n) ___

In polymerization, complex molecules are formed by the joining together of ____

Protiens are polymers formed from

An enzyme speeds up a reaction by lowering activation energy.In a chemical reaction a reactant binds to an enzyme at a region know as the

In many cell, the structure that controls the cell's activities is the

Despite differences in size and shape, all cells have cytoplasm and a -

If a cell of an organism contains a nuclues the organism is a

Distinct threadlike structures containing genetic information are called

THe organelle that converts the chemical energy in food into a form that cells can use is the ___

Cell membranes are constructed mainly of ___

The movement of the water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is known as

A substance that move across a cell membrane without using the cell's energy tends to move--

a tissue is composed of a group of -

Which is an autotroph?
a/ impalas
b/ plants
c/ leopards
d/ mushrooms

one of the principal chemical compunds that living things use to store energy is-

what scientist concluded that most of growing plants mass comes from water?

In additoin to light and chlorophyll, photosynthesis requires ___

The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll __

The products of photosynthesis are-

The first process in the light-dependent process of photosynthesis is -

what substance from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the Calvin cycle?

The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are also known as the

In cells the energy availible in food is used to make an energy-rich compound called-

The first step in releasing the energy of glucose in a cell is known as

The process that releases energy form food in the presence of oxygen is

The net gain of energy form glycolisis is

Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be

The Krebs Cycle takes place within the

The electron transport chain uses high-energy electrons from the krebs cycle to

A total o f 36 molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose as a result of

during heavy exercise, the buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells result in

The rate at which materials enter and leave the cell membrane depends on the cell's

The process of cell division results in

Sister Chromatids are attached to eachother at an area called the

If a cell has 12 Chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis

At the begining of cell division a chromosome consists of two

The phase of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible and the centrioles sepreate from one another is

The timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells is believed to be controlled by a group of closely related protiens known as

in the cell cycle, external regulators direct cells to

unconrolled cell division occurs in

different forms af a gene are called

If a homozygous tall pea plant, and a homozygous short pea plant are crossed-

a punnett square is usd to determine the

organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be-

The physical characteristics of an organism are its

a situation in which a gene has more than two allels is known as

Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of

To maintain the chromosomes of an organism, the gametes must

a gene map shows

The process by which on strain of bacteria is apparently changed into another strand is called

Bacteriophages are

a nucleotide doesn't contain

in prokaryotes, DNA molecules are located in the

The main enzyme involved in linking individual nucleotides into DNA molecules is

The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is

In mRNA, each codon specifies a particular

an expressed gene is one that is