diminished intellectual function associated with maladaptive behavior
what is maladaptive behavior
inability to respond appropriately to social situations
when is mental retardation usually recognized
kindergarten
what are some of the intellectual deficits
difficulty with abstract thought
retention of information
difficulty manipulating information
difficulty following directions
difficulty using symbols – reading, writing, numbers, speech
what is the IQ score of the normal population
70 – 130
what is the IQ score for mild retardation
55 – 69
what is the IQ score for moderate retardation
40 – 55
what is the IQ score for severe retardation
25 – 39
what is the IQ score for profound retardation
less than 25
name some of the social deficits they might be demonstrated
maybe excessively social – too talkative, to physical
withdrawn
labile – inability to control emotions
unaware of social expectation – picking nose, etc.
what are some of the prenatal causes
genetic abnormalities
toxic agents
infections – measles
true or false – fetal alcohol syndrome is preventable
true
how many children are affected by fetal alcohol syndrome every year
12,000
what is the leading cause of mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
name some of the percentages that are associated with fetal alcohol syndrome
98% undersize
80% speech deficits
72% hyperactive
58% low tone
30% heart defects
true or false – advanced maternal age is a risk factor for down syndrome
true
what are some of the traits of down syndrome
low tone
medial epicanthal fold with narrow palbebral fissure
cardiac defects
what are some of the perinatal causes of down syndrome
low birth weight
prematurity
trauma
toxic agents
kernicterus
purulent meningitis
what are some of the metabolic causes of down syndrome
hypothyroidism
phenyketonuria
what is hypothyroidism
it is decreased activity of the thyroid gland due to decreased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone from the pituitary
what is phenylketonuria
A genetic disorder in which the body lacks the enzyme necessary to metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine. Left untreated, the disorder can cause brain damage and progressive mental retardation as a result of the accumulation of phenylalanine and its breakdown products.
when is a PKU test performed
during the first week of life
what is the treatment for PKU
strict diet that last for one year
what is the management for down syndrome
medical exam and evaluation by a psychologist, speech pathologist, occupational and physical therapist