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encoding
processing info, putting it into your brain
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storage
retaining information
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retrieval
getting info out of the memory bank
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sensory memory
immdeiate and very fast.
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short-term memory
- holds few items 'briefly'
- anything thats not forever
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serial position effect
we remember items first and last on a list better then those in the middle
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long-term memory
forever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever and ever
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semantic
- words and what they mean
- type of long term
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episodic
- specific events
- type of long term
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visual encoding
picture images
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acousit encoding
sound and sound of words
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self-reference effect
we can remember bettwe wen we relate things back to ourselves
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ionic memory
photographic memory for just a few seconds
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echoic memory
exact memory of a sound for just a few seconds
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confabulation
filling in the blanks of our memory
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eidetic memory
photographic memory
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selective attention
we decide what we want to pay attention to
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feature extraction
looking for details that define what we are seaking
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proactive interferance
old learning blocks the new
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retroactive interference
new learning blocks the old
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positive transfer
old memories facilitate new learning
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repression
we surpress memores to relieve anziety
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misinformation effect
altered memories from exposure to wrong information
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learning
a relitively permenant change in behavior that results from experience
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operant conditioning
learning from consequences
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modeling
duplicating others
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classical conditioning
training; repetative actions until it becomes subconscous
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Ivan Pavlov
a behavior psychologist
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neutral stimulus
a stimulus that does not elict any particular response
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unconditioned stimulus
the natural stimulus (ie food)
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unconditioned response
salivate at the sight of food
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conditioned response
sound of the bell
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conditioned response
salivate at the sound of the bell
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BF Skinner
father of operant conditioning
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positive reinforcement
strengthens a response by giving a reward; providing a positive stimulus
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negative reinforcement
strenghtening a response by removing an unplesant stimulus
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law of effect
rewarded behavior is likely to occur again while punished behavior will diminish
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shaping
the process of operant conditioning where reinforcers guide behaviors closer and closer to the desired behavior
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primary reinforcement
inate, biological needs
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conditioned reinforcers/secondary reinforcers
- learned through association with primary reinforcers
- ie. money
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learned helplessness
we may learn that we cant do anything in one situation and in other similar situations we feel as though we still can not do anything
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Martin Seligman
dog shock experiment
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escape conditioning
- type of negative reinforment
- behavior that causes unplesant event to stop
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avoidence behavior
- type of nevative reinforcement
- behavior that avoids unpleasant events
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physical reinforcer
- tanjable things
- ie. house, high five, food, hug
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phychological reinforcer
smile, praise, facial expressions or body language
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scheduels of reinforcement
- fixed(known time) or variable(time changes)
- and
- ratio(quantity) or interval((how long)
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disinhibition
- to make someone not shy
- used to overcome fears
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