CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS

THE BLOOD

• 1. THE PUMP - HEART
• 2. THE PLUMBING - THE BLOOD VESSELS
• 3.THE CIRCULATING FLUID - THE BLOOD
• 4. AN AUXILLIARY SYSTEM - THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

THE CONTRACTION PHASE OF THE HEART

THE RELAXATION PHASE OF THE HEART

THIS SAC SURROUNDS THE OUTER WALL OF THE HEART

ONE PART OF THE PERICARDIUM, THIS LINES THE SAC

THE SECOND PART OF THE PERICARDIUM AND THIS COVERS THE HEART ITSELF

FROM A NUMBER OF SMALL BLOOD VESSELS THAT COVER THE SURFACE OF THE HEART.

THE MUSCLE WALL OF THE HEART

A TISSUE THAT LINES THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF THE HEART, THIS LINING ALSO LINES THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS SO THE BLOOD FLOWS SMOOTHLY.

THE MUSCULAR WALL THAT DIVIDES THE HEART INTO A RIGHT AND LEFT SIDE

THE UPPER CHAMBER OF THE HEAR (RIGHT AND LEFT)

THE LOWER CHAMBER OF THE HEART (RIGHT AND LEFT)

THIS ARTERY CARRIES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD, BUT IS STILL AN ARTERY BECAUSE IT IS LEAVING THE HEART.

REFERRED TO AS THE SOUND OF THE HEART.

lUBB - FIRST SOUND AND IS THE VALVES SLAMMING SHUT. FOUND AT THE APEX OF THE HEART. DR.'S REFER TO THIS AS S1

DUBB - IS HEARD SECOND, SHORTER AND HIGHER PITCHED. THESE ARE SEMILUNAR VALVES SHUTTING. HEARD AT THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL SPACE AT THE STERNUM.

THE SPACE BETWEEN YOUR RIBS, BY THE STERNUM

SODIUM, CALCIUM, AND POTASSIUM...ALSO OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS

ALSO CALLED THE PACE MAKER. A GROUP OF NERVE CELLS THAT SPARKS THE HEART TO START

CARRIES RHYTHM OVER VENTRICLES

WHEN THERE IS AN INTERUPTION FROM THE SA NODE TOT HE AV NODE

RHYTHM DISORDER OF THE HEART

RHYTHM BREAKS DOWN AND THE MUSCLE FIBERS CONTRACT AT RANDOM WITHOUT COORDINATION.

A NERVE THAT HAS FIBERS IN THE MUSCLE OF THE HEART. IT SLOWS THE PACE OF THE HEART DOWN AND IS STIMULATED BY THINGS SUCH AS FEAR, ANGER

HAS FIBERS INT HEMUSCL OF THE HEART AND SPEEDS THE HEART RATE UP..CAN BE STIMUATED BY FEAR, ANGER...ETC.

SODIUM, POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM, PHOSPHATES AND CHLORIDES

OVER 100 BEATS PER MINUTE - FAST HEART RATE

SLOW HEART RATE, LESS THAN 60 PER MINUTE

• 1. ARTERIES
• 2. VEINS
• 3. CAPILLARIES

CARRYS BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART

• AORTA
• CARTOID
• PULMONARY
• BRACHIAL
• RADIAL
• ULNAR
• COMMON ILIAC
• FEMORAL

BRANCHED FROM THE ARTERIES INTO SMALLER VESSELS KNOWN AS ARTERIOLES

90% WATER, 10% MINERALS - MAKES UP 55% OF THE BLOOD

TINY BRANCHES OF THE VEINS

• TIBIAL
• SAPHENOUS
• FEMORAL
• COMMON ILIAC
• INFERIOR VENA CAVA
• JUGULAR
• BRACHIAL
• CEPHALIC
• SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
• PULMONARY VEINS

DEOXYGENATED BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART TO BE SENT TO THE LUNGS FOR EXHALING OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND TO PICK UP A NEW SUPPLY OF OXYGEN.

• LYMPH (FLUID SIMILAR TO PLASMA)
• SPLEEN
• LYMPH NODES
• LYMPHOCYTES (A TYPE OF BLOOD CELL)

WHEN LYMPH NODES INCREASE AND DECREASE IN SIZE DUE TO THE COLLECTION OF CELLS GATHERED TO DESTROY THE INVADING SUBSTANCE.

SPEADS (WHEN SOMETHING SPREADS)

PRODUCES LYMPHOCYTES, STORES RED BLOOD CELLS, KEEPS THE APPROPRIATE BALANCE BETWEEN CELLS AND PLASMA IN THE BLOOD AND REMOVES WORN OUT RED CELLS

IT CARRIES OXYGEN FROM THE LUNGS TO THE BODY'S CELLS AND CELLULAR WASTES FROM THE CELLS TO TEH APPROPRIATE ORGAN FOR EXCRETION.

PLASMA AND CELLS

• FIBRINOGEN (CLOTS BLOOD)
• SERUM ALBUMIN (AIDS IN MAINTAINING BLOOD PRESSURE)
• SERUM GLOBIN (ASSISTS IN THE FORMATION OF ANTIBODIES)

RED BLOOD CELLS

GIVE THE RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHOROCYTES THEIR COLOR BY IRON AND PROTEIN PIGMENT) THEIR COLOR.

HEMOGLOBIN CARRIES THE OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE BLOOD. WHEN IT IS BRIGHT IN COLOR IT HAS A LOT OF OXYGEN IN IT.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS. TWICE THE SIZE OF RED BLOOD CELLS. DEFENDS THE BODY AGAINST INVASION.

PUS

SMALLEST OF THE THREE CELLS. THEY CLOT BLOT

A, B, AB, AND O

IS A SUBSTANCE IN THE BLOOD FROM THE METABOLISM OF FATS IN THE DIET.

• TOTAL CHOLESTEROL (UNDER 200)
• LDL - BAD - 100-129
• HDL - GOOD - LESS THAN 35

COMMON TYPES OF FATS THAT ARE GOOD FOR YOU IN NORMAL AMOUNTS. HIGH TRIGLYCERIDES LEVELS ARE A WARNING SIGN OF HEART DISEASE RISK.

CERTAIN ELEMENTS ARE LACKING IN THE BLOOD

RESULTS FROM INJURY OR DESTRUCTION OF THE BLOOD CELL FORMATION BY THE BONE MARROW

THE BALOONING OUT OF THE WALL OF AN ARTERY

OCCURS IN THE BRAIN

CAUSES CHEST PAIN, USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH EMOTIONAL STRESS

THE COMPLETE SUDDEN CESSATION OF HEART ACTION. RAPIDLY FATAL

ABNORMAL CHANGES IN THE HEART RHYTHM

HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES AND ARTERIOLES

INFLAMMATION OF THE HEART

INFLAMMATION OF THE PERICARDIUM, THE FIBROSEROUS TISSUE SAC THAT COVERS THE HEART.

INFLAMMATION OF THE MYCARDIUM (HEART MUSCLE)

DISEASE OF TEH ARTERIES TAHT SURROUND THE HEART, CARRYING OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO THE MYCARDIUM

FOREIGN MATTER THAT ENTERS AND CIRCULATES IN THE BLOODSTREAM

MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE BONE MARROW OR LYMPHATIC TISSUE

THE ABNORMAL SOUND OF BLOOD FLOWING THROUGH A HEART VALVE AND CAN BE HEARD WITH A STEHOSCOPE.

INFLAMMATION OF A VEIN

HEMOGLOBIN DEFECT IN THEIR MOLECULAR STRUCTURE THAT CAUSES THE CELLS TO BECOME SICKLE SHAPED, OF WHICH CAN NOT PASS EASILY THROUGH BLOOD VESSELS.

LINING OF THE VEIN WALL BECOMES INFLAMED AND A THROMBUS FORMS

VEINS BECOME DIALATED, TWISTED AND INEFFICIENT. USUALLY RESULTS FROM WEAKNESS OF THE VALVES, WHICH ALLOWS THE BLOOD TO LEAK BACKWARDS AS A RESULT OF INCOMPLETE CLOSURE.