rhomboid fossa (hypoglossal trigo and vagal trigo within fossa)
tubercula (gracilis and cuneatus)
Cranial Nerves associated with smell:
I (olfactory)
Cranial nerves associated with vision and eye movements:
II (optic)
III (oculomotor)
IV (trochlear)
V (trigeminal)
VI (abducens)
VII (facial)
Cranial nerves associated with taste:
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)
Cranial nerves that are pure motor nerves:
III (oculomotor)
IV (trochlear)
VI (abducens)
XI (accesory)
XII (hypoglossal)
Cranial nerves that are pure sensory nerves:
I (olfactory)
II (optic)
VIII (vestibulocochlear)
Cranial nerves that are mixed- motor and sensory:
V (trigeminal)
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)
Cranial nerves with parasympathetic functions:
III (oculomotor)
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
muscle tone regulation
coordinated movement
postural control
motor learning
The thalmus, hypothalmus, epithalamus and subthalmus are part of what region of the brain?
Diencephalon: which is a paired region with right and left side... Epithalamus is the only single one
The telencephalon is considered to be what:
the "brain"
Frontal lobe is what part of the brain?
Rostral to central sulcus
Parietal lobe is what part of brain?
Central sulcus to imaginary line from lateral or sylvian fissure
What is formed by imaginary line from parietooccipital sulcus and the preoccipital notch at the back of the brain?
Occipital Lobe
What is the temporal lobe formed by?
lateral fissure to imaginary line between parieoccipital sulcus and preoccipital notch
What and where is the neuraxis?
It's the longitudinal axis in the nervous system which bends at the junction of the midbrain and the diencephalon.
At birth, where does the spinal cord end in an infant compared to where it ends in an adult?
At birth- L2-L3.
An adult- L1 disc.
What can an injury to the lower lumbar spine (like spondylolistheis) cause damage to?
The peripheral nervous system because it would effect the cauda equina. The adult's spinal cord ends at L1 so the central nervous system would not be damaged.
What is the difference between conus medullaris and cauda equina in the spinal region?
Conus medullaris refers to the end of the spinal cord where it narrows. Cauda equina refers to the spinal roots that continue down the vertebral canal.
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.
(subarachnoid space is between arachnoid and the pia)
What is the purpose of the coccygeal ligament (filum terminale)?
to anchor the spinal cord caudally (so you don't get a spinal cord wedgie)
What is the difference between myotomes and dermatomes?
Dermatomes: part of the skin supplied by the dorsal root level
Myotomes: muscle groups that are supplied by the ventral root level
What is the only space with a true epidural (space outside of the dura)?
the vertebral canal
Explain the two main differences bettwen efferent and afferent nerves
Afferent nerves: usually refer to sensory nerves going toward a refernce point
Efferent nerves: usually refer motor nerves going away from a reference point
Where is the site to withdrawl CSF?
the lumbar cistern- the subarachnoid space between the end of hte spinal cord and the end of the dura
Describe tonsil herniation:
pressure from the tonsils push down through the foramen magnum putting pressure on the brainstem... can depress vital functions.
What do the preolivary sulcus and the post olivary sulcus come together to form?
anterior lateral sulcus
True or False: The cerebllar peduncles connect the brainstem with the cerebrum
FALSE
The superior, middle, and inferior aspects of the CEREBELLAR peduncles connect to the midbrain, pons and medulla
What connects the midbrain to the thalamus?
The brachia of the superior and inferior colliculus
What do the cerebral peduncles connect?
the brainstem with the cerebrum
What lobes form the operculum?
Parietal, frontal, and Temporal
What two areas make up the Brocas area which is in charge of what?
pars triangularis and pars opercularis
if this spot is damaged usually have difficulty generating speech, they can understand it but can't speak it
What two portions of the brain make up the infraparietal lobe and what does it deal with?
Supramarginal gyrus and Angular gyrus
deals with comprehension of language- can speak, but has nonsensible language (aka Wernicke's area)
Name the gyri surrounding the corpus callosum:
Cingulate gyrus
Name the 4 parts of the Diencephalon:
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
The purpose of the thalamus is what?
It relays information- sensory, motor, limbic, memory, arousal, and associative functions
What is the purpose of the hypothalamus?
ANS, endocrine, temperature, feeding, and limbic regulation (species preservation)
essential for survival
What part of the dienchephalon controls circadian cylces and endocrine regualtion?
epithalamus
What is the purpose of the subthalamus?
motor circuitry- regulate movement
Name the sulcus that divides the occipital lobe:
Calcarine Sulcus
Name the parts of the corpus striatum (aka neo-striatum)
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
What makes up the lentiform nucleus?
putamen (outer region) and globus pallidus (deeper region)
