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Vertebral column & Spinal Cord S1M1
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Name two exaggerated curvatures
Kyphosis- hunchback (mostly seen in thoracic)
Lordosis- pregnant (Normaly in the lumbar region)
The vertebrae are 20% longer due to
Anulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus (70-80% water) can dehydrate
Shock obsorbers
When a disc is herniated it exits usually, why
Posterior anulus fibrosus
Because its thinner there
It never compresses the spinal cord
Hyperextension of the back harms
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Hyperflexion of the vertebrae harms
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Whiplash harms
Ligamentum flavum
Where is are the Interspinous and Supraspinous ligaments
In between the spinous processes and on the posterior respectively
The spinal chord is larger in diameter at what two areas
The cervical and lumbarsacral levels
The portion of the spinal chord that extends to L1-L2
Conus medullaris
The nerve below C7 and above T1 is
C8
The posterior end of the grey butterfly controls what
Motor function
Ant. Sensory
How many spinal chord segments are there
31
In herniated discs in the lumbar region what nerve is compressed
The one exiting below the disc
Where do you enter for a spinal tap in adults
Lumbar cistern L4
The anterior and posterior portion of the spinal chord have how many veins each
3 spinal veins
What is a common place for metastasis in the spinal chord
Vertebral venous plexus
A spinal tap is between what layers
Arachnoid and pia
What are the vetebrae seperated by
Fibro cartilaginous discs
How many vetebrae are there and how many of each
33 in all
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 (3-4) coccygeal
What is the function of the vertebrae
Suppports trunk
Protects spinal cord and nerves
Rigid and flexible axis for body
Posture and locomotion
What are the commonalities of the vetebrae
Lamina
Pedicles
Body
Foramen
Spinous process
Transverse process
Superior articular facets
What are allo the foramen together in a vetebrae called
Vetebral canal
How are the superior articular facets oriented
Posterior and medial on the individual vertebrae
How are the infererior articular facets oriented
Anterior and lateral
What is the Inferior articular facet connected to
The superior articular facet
What forms the Intervertebral foramen
The Superior and Inferior facets connected
How are the cervical vertebrae different from the rest
Small in size
Large vertebral foramina (triangular in shape)
Foramen Transversarium (Transverse foramen)
Bifid spinous process (not in C7)
What goes through the transverse foramen
Vetebral artery (which feeds the circle of willis)
Why is the transverse process on C7 unique
The vetebral artery doesn't pass through it
Another name for C1
Atlas
Another name for C2
Axis
How is the atlas different from the rest of the C vertebrae
It doesn't have a body or a spinous process
What do the superior articular facets of the atlas connect to
Occipital condyles and is called the antlanto ocypital joint allowing the yes movement
The lamina on the atlas is named
The groove for the vetebral artery
What is the strongest C vertebrae
The Axis
What is the dens and where is it located
The dens is a superior protusion from the axis that is also called the ondontoid process and is a pivot point
The dens is connected to the atlas via the
Atlanto axial connection and is used for the no movement of the head
Thoracic are unique do to what features
Intermediate in size
Round vertebral foramen (smaller then cervical)
Costal facets for ribs
Spinous process that slopes posteroinferiorly
The heads of the ribs articulate with what facets
The Inferior and Superior costal facets on the Thoracic vertebrae
How are the Lumbar different
Large body
Triangular vertebral foramen
Spinous processes are short and sturdy
When is the Sacrum fused
Very early in life
Where is a epideral performed
In the Sacral hiatus
What is the median sacral crest
Rudimentary spinous process
What Curvature is formed first
Thoracic and sacral
When is the cervical curve formed
When babies begin to raise their head
When is the lumbar curve developed
When a baby begins to walk
What are the three different layers of the spinal cord from the outside in
Dura
Arachnoid
Pia
Denticulate ligament
Provides stability to the spinal cord against movement, look like teeth.
On Pia attaches to arachnoid and Dura
Filum terminale
is a delicate strand of fibrous tissue, about 20 cm. in length, proceeding downward from the apex of the conus medullaris.
Author
lancesadams
ID
60238
Card Set
Vertebral column & Spinal Cord S1M1
Description
Anatomy
Updated
2011-04-14T00:59:19Z
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