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What is Dramatic Irony?
the audience knows what will happen, but the characters do not.
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What is Foreshadowing?
the reader is warned about events to come by certain details - you see a shadow of what to come.
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What is Irony of the Situation?
the one thing you don't want or expect to happen does happen; a funny or added twist of events.
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What is Setting?
the time and place of the story.
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What is Style?
the form of writing.
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What is Verbal Irony?
one thing is said but another is meant.
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What is Turnabout?
a surprise ending.
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What is Theme?
the main point of the story.
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What is Tone?
reveals the narrators attitude towards the subject and the characters in the story.
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What does the S in SPECULATE stand for?
Write a story using no less than five paragraphs.
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What does the P in SPECULATE stand for?
Give each person a personality.
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What does the E in SPECULATE stand for?
Exposition, complication/crisis, climax, resolution.
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What does the C in SPECULATE stand for?
Choose correct tense, subject/verb agreement, number agreement, capitalization and punctuation.
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What does the U in SPECULATE stand for?
Use dialogue.
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What does the L in SPECULATE stand for?
Label each person by giving them a name.
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What does the A in SPECULATE stand for?
Apply characteristics of story-telling (dialogue, details, events, vivid language action, five senses, and character development).
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What does the T in SPECULATE stand for?
Tell event in chronological order.
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What does the E in SPECULATE stand for?
End by typing up all loose ends and presenting a strong resolution.
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What is a sentence?
a word group that contains a subject and a verb that expresses a complete thought.
Ex: Scott Joplin was a well-known ragtime pianist.
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What is a sentence fragment?
is a word group that looks like a sentence but does not contain both a subject and a verb and does not express a complete thought.
Ex: was a well-known ragtime pianist.
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What is a declarative sentence?
makes a statement and punctuates with a period.
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What is an imperative sentence?
gives a command or makes a request and punctuates with a period or exclamation point.
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What is an interrogative sentence?
asks a question and is punctuated with a question mark.
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What is an exclamatory sentence?
shows excitement and is punctuated with an exclamation point.
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What is a compound sentence?
a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses and no subordinate clauses.
Ex: According to legend, Betsey Ross made our first flag, but little evidence supports this.
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What is a complex sentence? What technique should you use to help identify/construct one?
a sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause.
Ex: When I watch Martha Graham's performances, I feel like studying dance.
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What is a noun?
names persons, places, things, or ideas.
Ex: Sue and I write down names of CDs we want from the mall.
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What is a pronoun?
takes the place of nouns.
Ex: This yearbook is theirs, but I'm sure they will share with us if we ask them.
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What is a transitive verb?
takes objects and carries the action of a subject and apply into an object. They tell what the subject does to something else - always has a direct object.
Ex: He bought a shirt.
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What is an intransitive verb?
cannot take a direct object.
Ex: The plant has thrived on the south windowsill.
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What is an adjective?
is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun.
Ex: These mangoes.
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What is an adverb?
is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Ex: They said that the forest fire started here.
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What is a conjunction?
is a word used to join words or groups of words.
FANBOYS - for, and, nor but, or, yet, so.
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What is a preposition?
is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition, to another word - usually tells where.
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What is an interjection?
is a word used to express emotion.
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What is a direct object?
is a noun, pronoun, or word group that tells who or what receives the action of the verb.
- Ex: The picnic basket held sandwiches.
- (Ask who or what the basket held.)
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What is an indirect object?
is a noun, pronoun, or word group that sometimes appears in sentences.
- Ex: The mailman delivered me my mail.
- (Ask whom? Or for whom?)
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What is the present verb tense form?
takes place now.
Ex: I shop at Macy's.
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What is the past verb tense form?
occurred in the past.
Ex: I shopped at Macy's yesterday.
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What is the future verb tense form?
will happen in the future.
Ex: I will shop at Macy's tomorrow with my friends.
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What is the present perfect verb tense form?
occurred in the past and is still happening.
Ex: I have shopped at Macy's many times before.
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What is the past perfect verb tense form?
occurred before another past action - two actions happen in the past, one before another.
Ex: I had shopped at Macy's after I came home from dance class.
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What is the future perfect verb tense form?
will be finished before a stated time in the future.
Ex: I will have shopped at Macy's before my dance class, which starts at 5:00PM.
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What is the active voice?
the verb is in the active voice when the subject of the sentence performs the action - the action is done by its subject.
Ex: The girl hits the ball.
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What is the passive voice?
the verb is in the passive voice when the subject is acted upon - used any part of the verb to be.
Ex: The ball was hit by the girl.
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Punctuate this piece of dialogue:
Yes! said Johnny I got a 95% on my math test!
Wow! That test was really hard said Mary.
"Yes!" said Johnny, "I got a 95% on my math test!"
"Wow! That test was really hard," said Mary.
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What is varied sentence structure?
using sentences of different lengths and forms - compound, complex, simple, and compound-complex.
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What are transitions?
phrases or words that connect one idea to the next.
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What are internal transitions?
words that act like signals or signposts to indicate to the reader the order and flow of the inside of a paragraph - first, next, the final, as a result, etc.
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What are supporting facts, examples, and details?
persuade the reader to agree with the write by using statistics, direct quotes, testimonials, surveys, and comments.
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What is the format of the opening (introduction) paragraph of a persuasive essay?
- -hook
- -background information
- -thesis statement
- -reasons 1, 2, and 3
- -restate thesis in different words
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What is the format of the middle three paragraphs of a persuasive essay?
- -open with a transition
- -reason 1, 2, or 3
- -supporting facts, examples, and details
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What is the format of the conclusion paragraph of a persuasive essay?
- -open with a transition
- -restate thesis
- -restate reasons 1, 2, and 3
- -alternative
- -call to action
- -add a closing statement to tie up all loose ends
- -end on a positive note
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