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Ampules are
glass containers containing medication
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Intramuscular (IM)
into the muscle.
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Subcutaneous (SUBQ)
beneath the skin layers.
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Intradermal (ID)
into the dermis.
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Parenteral (not via the gastrointestinal tract)
route requires the use of a syringe and needle, or IV catheter, to introduce medications into the body tissues or fluids.
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Accuracy and care must be used
in preparing and administering any parenteral medication because errors can harm the patient.
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Fibrosis is
formation of fibrous tissue or scarring.
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Tuberculin syringe
syringe with graduated measurements to 1 mL is used to measure small dosages.
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A fine 25-, 27-, or 29- gauge needle is
used at a 5- to 15- degree angle of insertion.
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Bleb is
a bump; visible elevation of the epidermis.
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Subcuatenous Route is
used for injecting medication into the tissue below the dermal layer of the skin.
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A 27- gauge, 3/8- to 1/2-inch or a 25- gauge, 5/8-inch
needle is used, inserted at a 45- or 90-degree angle depending on needle length and size of individual.
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IM route meds
are injected in the muscular layer. Sites are deltoid, ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris of the thigh.
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Aspirate for blood,
is when you pull back on the syringe plunger to create suction.
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Most 3-mL syringes have two scales:
- 1. one scale measures tenths of a milliliter (0.1mL)
- 2. minim scale
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Cannula is
a hollow shaft fitted at the end of the syringe.
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Bevel is
slanted part of the needle tip ending in a sharp point.
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Lumen is
the inner part of the cannula, opening or interior diameter.
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The larger the numer of gauge,
the smaller the needle.
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Filter needles should used for
preparing medication from an ampule because small particles of glass may fall into the medication when the ampule neck is removed.
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Viscous is
sticky or gummy.
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Solute is
solid material in the vial.
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Diluent is
specified fluid to dissolve the solute.
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Core is
a circular cut out piece that can be pushed into the bottle.
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The solute must be
thoroughly mixed with the diluent before use.
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Before combining two or more drugs in a syringe to save the pt the discomfort of multiple injections,
you should check with the pharmacist or consult a list of drugs that cites which ones can be safely combined with others.
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An allergy to an injectable medication
that goes into the tissue or bloodstream can have very serious consequences.
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It is imperative to know what the medication
is suppose to do (therapeutic action) and what adverse/side effects may occur in order to properly assess for their presence.
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All multidose vials of medication
should be dated when opened. If you see open with no date, discard.
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Always follow 5 Rights when administering:
- 1. Right drug
- 2. Right route
- 3. Right dose
- 4. Right time
- 5. Right patient
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For intradermal route
the amount of solution to be injected is very small.
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Induration is
the quality of being hard.
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SubQ Administering Heparin
- 1. sites of abdomen below costal margins to iliac crests
- 2. sites should be rotated with abd area alternating sides
- 3. DO NOT ASPIRATE increase bruising and needle movement tissue damage
- 4. do not massage after- cause bruising, bleeding, ecchymosis (purplish)
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Improper site selection can result in
damage nerves, abscesses, necrosis, and sloughing of skin, as well as pain.
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One mL of medication can be
safely injected into the mid-deltoid site. upper shoulder.
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The vastus lateralis is the site
of choice for infants younger than 12 months for IM injections.
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For children older than 13 months of age
the vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal can be used; also deltoid is appropriate unless the muscle mass is poorly developed.
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It is preferable to find another way to give medication
to children because IM injections are painful and traumatic for the child.
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When giving a deltoid injection to a child,
the injection should be given in the thickest part of the muscle; needle should point at a slight angle toward the shoulder.
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Anaphylactic shock is
circulatory failure from an allergic reation.
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Urticaria is
a reaction characterized by reddened, slightly elevated patches known as wheals.
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