CP Biology

Scientists do this so others can try to reproduce the results, repeat their work, and their experiment procedures can be reviewed.

This allows cells in multi-cellular organisms to perform different functions.

Instrument used to view highly magnified 3-dimensional images of the surface of objects.

These are important when working with animals, in the field, and in the lab.

Science is different than other disciplines because it relies on ____ ____.

When a hypothesis has enough supporting data, it becomes a ____.

Factors that living things respond to.

A single cell develops to form a group of cells which is called a ____ ____.

These can arise from an informed, creative imagination, from prior knowledge, or from logical inferences.

Internal conditions remain fairly constant.

Instrument used to separate substances from each other.

This can be tested by scientists.

A well tested explanation.

A term that includes the sciences of zoology, botany, and paleontology.

Different cell parts are separated by this technique.

Level of organization that includes all other levels.

Explains why birds migrate for the winter.

Type of electron that is available to form bonds.

Have H+ ion concentration that are lower than pure water.

Process when one chemical changes into a different one.

these change the speed of reactions in living cells

these are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons

most abundant compound found in living things

an example of a carbohydrate

describes how chemical reactions that release energy often happen

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons

type of mixture produced when sugar or salt is stirred into boiling water

type of compound that can control the rate of reactions, help to fight disease, build tissues, and regulate cell processes

type of compound that work best at a specific pH, are classified as proteins, and their shape allows them to do their job

these can be used to treat cancer, be used as "traces" in organisms, determine ages of rocks and fossils, and kill bacteria that spoil food

scale used to measure acid-base levels

the ingrediants in a chemical reaction that start the reaction

these lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction

sharing of a pairs of electrons

this is what a catalyst can do

type of image produced by a scanning electron microscope

organelle that breaks down food into molecules the cell can use

you will not find this structure in animal cells

type of organism that has specialized cells to perform different tasks

a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

first to identify and see cork cells

cells that lack a nucleus

structure that makes proteins using instructions from the nucelus

structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell

examples of an organ

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

found that all plants and animals are made of cells

type of cells that contain a nucleus

this organelle is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells

moelcules constantly move and collide with each other

nerve, muscle, and connective are all types of ____

the cell theory applies to ____

chromatin, DNA, and the nucleolus are found in the ____

microtubules and microfilaments carry out ____

requires a cell to expend energy to move materials across the membrane

a group of similar cells that perform a particular function

type of instrument that can reveal details 1000 times smaller than with a light microscope

organelle found in the cytoplasm that is involved in protein synthesis

cell structure that helps the cell move and maintain its shape, and helps organelles move within the cell

an animal cell in fresh water will burst from ____ ____ that causes water to move into the cell

DNA is found in the ____ in eukaryotes

all three types of RNA are involved in ____ ____

genes contain instructions for assembling ____

the lac operon in E. coli controls the breakdown of ____

these determine the location of a dog's ears on its head

these become more tightly packed during mitosis

what does transcription produce?

this type of RNA is a blueprint of the genetic code

lac genes bind to the ____ when the lac repressor turns off the genes

DNA with one new strand and one original strand

RNA is transcribed from DNA in the ____

type of mutation that is not categorzied as a gene mutation

found in prokaryotes but is not part of a eukaryotic gene

in DNA, the percentage of pyrimidines is equal to the percentage of purines; this is due to ____ ____

phosphate groups, cytosine, and guanine are found in ____ ____

because there are 64 different combinations of triplets but only 20 amino aicds, amino acids can be specified for by more than one kind of ____

in eukaryotes, ____ ____ allows for cell specialization

HOX genes determine an animal's ____ ____ ____

RNA is found in how many main types?

Plants use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight for photosynthesis to produce ____ and ____

chlorophyll is found in what part of the chloroplast?

where in the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?

the increase in what environmental factor causes the rate of photosynthesis to increase and then level off?

organisms that cannot make their own food

light, carbon dioxide, and water are all used in the reactions of

the place where the light-dependent occur

the main product of the Calvin cycle

scientist that concluded that plants gain most of their mass from water

According to the equation of photosynthesis, 6 molecules of carbon dioxide will produce 6 molecules of ____

Photosystems I and II are found in the ____ ____

the gas released by a plant growing in sunlight

chlorophyll does not absorb light well in the ____ region of visible light

a stack of thylakoids is defined as a ____

the substance needed to start glycolysis

the substance needed to start the Krebs Cycle

can be produced from the energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain

cellular respiration produces ____ ATP molecules from 1 molecule of glucose

glycolysis requires an input of ____ to start

produced by the Krebs cycle

____ ____ releases energy more slowly than fermentation does

6CO₂ C₆H₁₂O₆ ----> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O is the equation for ____ ____

ATP, NADH, and pyruvic acids are all products of ____

this type of "chain" can be found in plants, animals, and prokaryotes

what cellular respiration breaks down to release energy?

this causes bubbles to form in bread during bread making

the organelle where electron transport occurs in eukaryotes

this is a product of cellular respiration

this is needed for the conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid

glycolysis produces a net gain of ____ ATP molecules