Science Midterm Study

organized way to use evidence to learn about the natural world.

gathering information using the 5 senses.

information gathered during observation or experimentation.

a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience.

proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations and must be proposed in a way that enables them to be tested.

as evidence from numerous investigations builds up, a particular hypothesis may become well supported.

the idea that life could arise from non-living matter.

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life proces.

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.

The science that seeks to understand the living world.

a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards.

Basic unit of matter.

center of the atom.

in constant motion in the space around nucleus.

more than 100 known. Represented by letter symbol.

substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions.

- or + charged atoms differ in electrons.

forms when electrons are shared between atoms.

smallest unit of most compounds.

measurement system to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in solutions.

any compound that forms H+ ions in solution.

compound that produces hydroxide ions in solutions.

small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers.

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers.

compound made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1.

single sugar molecule.

made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms.

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

macromolecule that contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

proteins are polymers of molecules.

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

protein that act as biological catalysts.

components are evenly distributed throughout the solution.

mixtures of water and nondissolved materials.

basic unit of life.

energy requiring proccess that moves materials across a cell membrane against a concentration difference.

the moving of materials across the cell membrane.

organisms (plants) that make their own food.

organisms that gain energy from the food they consume.

one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy.

process where plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy carbohydrates-sugars + starches- and oxygen, a waste product.

light absorbing molecule.

principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms, captures light energy.

most of cell growth.

chromosomes replicated and synthesis of DNA.

many organelles and molecules are produced for division.

centrioles seperate, spindle forms, nuclear envelope breaks down.

chromosomes line up in center. Spindle fiber to chromosomes, to centromere.

sister chromatids seperate.

two new nuclear envelopes form around new chromosomes.

• cytoplasm pinches in half.
• In plants, cell plate.

period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional.

external sac containing the testes.

one of hundreds of tiny tubules in the testes in which sperm are produced.

structure in male reproductive system in which sperm fully mature and are stored.

fertilized egg.

male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.

organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother.

a hollow structre with an inner cavity.

two different alleles for the same trait.

two identical allels for a particular trait.

an allele that is more influential.

the less influential allele.

offspring of a cross of parents with different traits.

both allele attribute to the phenotype.

3 or more alleles of the same.

one allele is not completely dominant over the other.

traits controlled by 2 or more genes.