Skin_lesions.csv

the presence of pigmentation on the nail along with pigmentation on the proximal nail fold

lesions that affect or destroy adhesion molecules between keratinocytes or keratinocytes & basement membrane

an inherited defect in structural proteins that are either in the epidermis or anchoring the epidermis to the dermis; results in extremely blister-prone skin that reacts to even very mild trauma; affects primarily hands and feet

involves an antibody-mediated response against adherent molecules of the basement membrane of the skin; entire epidermis separates from the basement membrane; results in sub-epidermal fluid-filled blister; generally occurs in older patients

involves an antibody-mediate response against desmoglein 3 (component of desmosomes) in the skin; more serious than bullous pemphigous - similar to burn patients; results in intra-epidermal blisters

disorder involving abnormal production of melanin; results from defect in tyrisonase; number of melanocytes is normal but function is impaired

disorder involving destruction of melanocytes; results in patches of non-pigmented skin; melanocytes that are present function normally

hair loss

fungal infection of the nails - especially tonails

subtype of EB in which blistering occurs within the epidermis; does not result in scarring; blistering generally occurs on hands/feet/extremities; generally spares mucosa; patients generally have normal lifespan; defect in keratin 5 & 14 (intermediate filaments)

subtype of EB in which blistering occurs mostly at the epidermal-dermal junction; generally fatal before 1 year (due to sepsis/respiratory defect); involves defects in laminin 5; large denuded areas & mucosal involvement; granulation tissue around mouth

subtype of EB in which blistering occurs in the superficial part of the dermis; often display milia (superficial cysts - characteristic of dystrophic EB); scarring typical & may lead to mitten deformities; absent or dystrophic nails often present; GI involvement often leads to malnutrition & anemia & growth retardation; results from collagen VII defect; patients often die of squamous cell carcinoma in 2nd-4th decade

involves loss of adhesion between cells (as opposed to cytolytic - involves cell lysis/death)

partial removal of a suspect lesion for biopsy; should only be done if excisional is not possible; should ideally be done at thickest spot; data do not indicate that incisional biopsy facilitates spread of melanoma

complete removal of a suspect lesion for biopsy; preferred over incisional & shave biopsies

measurement in mm from the stratum granulosum to the deepest point at which the tumor invades

most frequently seen melanoma; can occur at any site in the body but usually on trunk (men) & legs (women); has a radial growth phase; generally diagnosed in middle life (30-50); generally starts as a flat black-brown macule; 1/3 develop from existing nevi; regression common

2nd most common melanoma type; no significant horizontal growth phase; most commonly diagnosed in 6th decade; 2x as common in men; more often on trunk than head/neck and head/neck than other sites; frequently ulcurated; usually presents as blue/black/red nodule

generally slow-growing & occurs later in life; tends to occur in sun-exposed areas; frequently occur around the eye in women; longest radial growth phase; most often diagnosed in 7th decade; generally presents as a brown/black irregular macule that develops into a nodule

most frequently diagnosed in 6th-7th decade; less common in Caucasians but most common type in Asians & blacks; occurs most often in feet then hands then mucous membranes; sunubgual melanomas are usually ALM; most often presents as an irregular macule -> patch -> nodule

1 cm

2 cm for 1-4 mm lesion; 2-3 cm for 4+ mm lesion

staging tool (NOT treatment tool); allows for early detection of lymph node metastases (before LNs are palpable); involves injection of radioactive material near site of melanoma to track the pathway the melanoma most likely took - look at which lymph node radiation ends up with & biopsy that lymph node

irregular nevus based on clinical & histological features; at higher risk than other nevi of developing into melanoma but most do not develop into melanoma; require monitoring

partial loss of pigmentation in a melanoma; negative prognostic sign

stripe of subungual pigmentation; when melanoma - generally begins at the matrix

0.5 cm

higher diameter -> greater likelihood of developing into cancer

risk factor for melanoma - clinically atyical nevi with 2+ family members with malignant melanoma are at a greater than 50% risk for developing melanoma in their lifetime

precancerous lesions; characterized by thick scaly erythematous patches; occur in sun-exposed areas - 80% on upper limbs & head & neck; identify people at higher risk of developing basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma; represent a progression along a spectrum from benign to malignant; can be treated with cryosurgery or curettage or topical medications

most common skin cancer; arise from epidermis or follicular epithelium; common in sun-exposed areas such as the face; most common site on face = nose; <1% metastatic potential; related to chronic UVB exposure; more common in males

2nd most common skin cancer; generally occurs btwn 55-70 - slightly older than BCC (rare < 30); higher metastatic potential than BCC but lower than MM; some forms of HPV can predispose to SCC; most common on upper face & hands & ears; primary tumors typically = enlarging nodule that ultimately ulcerates; may be verrucous; tend to grow faster than BCC; may masquerade as nail fungus (typically HPV forms); location on lip or genitalia = poor prognostic factors

standard surgical excision; Mohs micrographic surgery; electrodessication & curettage; cryosurgery; photodynamic therapy (mostly for precancerous lesions); radiation therapy (typically adjunctive); topical therapy