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How can a dental professional determine the natrue, severity, and stability of a pts medical condition?
by looking at the pts health history
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Risk assessment involves the evaluation of what 4 components?
- nature, severit, and stability of pt's medical condition
- functional capacity of pt
- emotional status of pt
- type and magnityed of the planned procedure (invasive or noninvsive)
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What are the 2 basic techniques used to obtain a medical history?
- interview
- printed questionnaire followed by follow-up questions
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In addition to a medical history, the dental pt should be afforded the benefits of a simple _________ _______
physical examination
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The simple physical examination should include what 3 assessments?
- general appearance
- measurement of vitals
- examination of head and neck
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true or false. By observing a pts outward appearance we may be able to identifiy signs of possible trouble
true
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Name 8 outward appearances we might observe that would be signs of possible trouble
- lethargic demeanor
- cacnetic appearance (general ill health with emaciation)
- Ill-kept
- body odors
- staggering or halting gait
- extreme thinness or obesity
- difficulty breathing
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Why should the dental probessional be sensitive to breath odors?
they might indicate different systemic problems
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acetone odor on breath may be associated with what?
diabetes
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ammonia odor on breath may be associated with what?
- renal failure
- putrefaction of pulmonary infections
- alcohol - possibly associated with alcohol abuse or liver disease
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Why is it important to observe the skin and nails in a physical exam?
changes in the skin and nails are frequently associated with systemic disease
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cyanosis and nails may be associated with what systemic disease?
cardiac or pulmonary insufficiency
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Skin yellowing may be associated with what systemic disease?
liver disease
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pigmentation of skin may be associated with what systemic disease?
hormonal abnormalities
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petechiae or ecchymoses can be signs of what?
a blood cyscrasia or bleeding disorder
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Alterations in the finger nails such as clubbing is seen in what?
cardiopulmonary insufficiency
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white nails are seen in what?
cirrhosis
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yellowing of nails may be from what?
malignancy
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splinter hemorrhages may be from what?
bacterial endocarditis
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alterations in nails are usually caused by ________ disorders
chronic
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the dorsal surface of the hands, bridge of nose, infraorbital regions, and ears are common sites for ______ _______ and _____ _______
basal cell carcinomas (skin cancer)
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What are the 5 areas that are important to observe about a pts general appearance?
- skin and nails
- face
- eyes and nose
- ears
- neck
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large and coarse features of the face might indicate what?
acromegaly
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pale, edematous features of the face might indicate what condition?
nephrotic syndrome
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moon facies of the face might indicate what condition?
Cushing's syndrome
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dull puffy facies might indicate what condition?
myxedema
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unilateral paralysis of the face might indicate what condition?
Bell's Palsey
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What condition might cause an eye lid reaction resulting in a wide-eyed stare?
hyperthyroidism
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What condition of the eyelids causes xanthomas, or yellow splochiness?
hypercholesterolemia
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What condition might cause yellowing of the sclera of the eye?
hepatitis
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What 3 things might cause reddened conjunctiva of the eye?
- sicca syndrome
- allergy
- iritis
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What condition should be inspected on the helix or antihelix of the ear?
gouty tophi
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An earlobe crease occurs more in pts with what disease than those without it?
coronary artery disease
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_________ or pre-_________ lesions may be found on and around the ears
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What two things should the neck be checked for in a physical examination?
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