What is the primary etiologic factor in the development of gingival and periodontal diseases?
dental biofilm
directly causing
etiologic
true or false. Dental biofilm adheres firmly to the tooth surface, and can be removed completely by self cleansing.
FALSE! it can NOT be completely removed by self cleansing
Name 4 regular factors that can contribute to disease development
etiologic
predisposing
contributing
risk
a factor that is the actual cause of a disease or condition. ex. biofilm
etiologic
factor that renders a person susceptible to a a disease or condition. ex. smoking
predisposing factor
factor that lends assistance to, supplements to, or adds to a condition or disease. ex. diabetes or medications
contributing factor
an exposure that increases the probability that disease will occur. ex. high BP, or family history of caries
risk factor
true or false. etiologic, predisposing, and contributing factors can be local or systemic
true
a factor in the immediate environment of the oral cavity or specifically in the environment of the teeth or periodontium. ex. broken tooth
localized
a factor that results from or is influenced by a general physical or mental disease or condition. ex. diabetes, AIDS, etc
systemic
Name 4 dental factors that contribute to disease development
tooth surface irregularities
tooth contour
tooth position
dental prostheses
How might surface irregularities of teeth influence disease development?
pellicle and biofilm microorganisms attach to these surfaces
pits, grooves, cracks
calculus
exposed or altered cementum
cavities
iatrogenic
are all examples of what dental factor?
tooth surface irregularities
How might tooth contour influence disease development?
altered shape may interfere with the self-cleansing mechanisms and make personal care procedures difficult
extra or missing teeth
bell-shaped crown with prominent contours
flat proximal surfaces with faulty contact
altered occlusal and incisal surfaces from attrition
erosion or abrasion
caries
calc
inadequate restoration contours
are all examples of what dental factor?
tooth contour
How might tooth position influence disease development?
irregular alignment of teeth leave areas conductive to collection of microorganisms for biofilm formation
crowded or overlapped teeth
rotated teeth
overbite
missing contact
opposing tooth missing
incomplete eruption
partial eruption
lack of function from missing teeth, open bite, max. ant. protrusion, cross bite, or unilateral chewing
food impaction
defective contact
are all examples of what dental factor?
tooth position
What are 3 reasons that dental prostheses may influence disease development?
orho appliances provide retentive areas
fixed partial dentures with weird shapes or margins
removable partial denture with inadequately adapted clasps
Name 3 gingival factors that influence disease development
gingival position
size and contour
mouth breathing
How might the position of the gingiva influence disease development?
deviations from normal provide retentive areas for biofilm
receded gingiva
enlarged gingiva
reduces height of interdental papilla
tissue flap over occlusal surface
periodontal pocket
are all examples of what gingival factor?
gingival position
What are 2 reasons that size and contour of gingiva influence disease development?
deviation of shape of enlarged gingiva; rolled, bulbous, or cratered
combination of size of gingiva and presence of irregular restorations or dental prostheses can result in marked biofilm retention
How might mouth breathing influence disease development?
dehydration of oral tissues in anterior region leads to changes in overall size, shape, surface texture, and consistency of the gingiva
What are 2 'other' factors that influence disease development?
personal oral care
diet and eating habits
What are 3 personal oral care factors that may lead to disease development?
neglect
faulty biofilm control techniques
awareness of oral cleanliness
Describe the process of self-cleansing mechanisms of the teeth and mouth etc. (5 steps)
1. food enters the mouth
2. chewing
3. food forced out by bite pressure
4. process repeated until food swallowed
5. remaining food particles are removed
Once the food enters the mouth, how does salvary flow self-cleanse?
the flow increases as a result of sensory reflux stimulation
saliva lubricates food and oral tissues
During the chewing process, how do the ridges and contact areas act as self-cleansing mechanisms?
marginal ridges force particles to occlusal surface and away from proximal region
contact areas prevent interdental entrance
How do embrasures self cleanse?
they provide spillways for excape of particles
how do cervical enamel ridges self cleanse?
they deflect particles away from the free and attached gingiva
how do gingival crests self cleanse? (3)
they prevent retention of particles by position at a point below the height of contour
knife-edge shape
close adherence to tooth surface
How do the interdental papilla self cleanse?
they fill the interproximal space and prevent particles from entering
during repeated chewing, how does saliva self cleanse?
it moistens food reducing the adhering capacity of food
How does the tip of tongue self cleanse?
it explores and attempts to dislodge remaining particles
How do the lips and cheeks self cleanse?
in conjunction with the tongue, they aid in the natural rinsing process by forcing saliva over and between the teeth
true or false. Saliva flow continues in increased amounts during rinsing and swallowing of particles
