are the following activating/ deactivating? ortho/ para or meta directing?
1.COOH
2.NR2
3.NH2
4.NO2
5.F,Cl, Br, I
6.COOR
7.OR
8.SO3H
9.OCOR
10. CH3
1. de/ m
2.act/ op
3.act/op
4.de/m
5.de/op
6.de/m
7.act/op
8.de/m
9.act/op
10.act/op
(t/f) activating compounds are always op director
true
(t/f) deactivating compounds are always m directors
false, halogens are deactivating and are op director
do alcohol have higher or lower boiling point than analogous alkanes
higher, because it can form H bonds
3 types of rxn to synthesize alcohol
addition, substitution and reduction
can ethers make H bonds?
no
how do boiling points of aldehyde (or ketone) compare with its analogous alkane? alcohol
higher than alkanes, lower than alcohol
what happens when aldehyde or ketone reacts with water
form gem-diols
what would be the product when aldehyde react with diluted NaOH?
an aldol
how do electron withdrawing groups (-Cl, -NO2) attached to the alpha carbon effect the acidity of a carboxylic acid
increase acidity
whats a michelle? is the interior hydrophobic or hydrophilic
when in aqueous solution, soap molecules arrange themselves into spherical structures called michelles. their polar heads are facing out, non polar chains face in
how do electron donating groups affect the acidity of benzoic acid
reduces it
what is the product of the hydrolysis of an amide under acidic conditions
carboxylic acid
name the following compound
1.CH3CH2NH2
2.CH3CH2CH2CH2N(CH2)2
1.ethanamine or ethylamine (common name)
2. N, N-dimethylbutanamine
what separation techniques makes use of two immiscible solvents?
extraction
what separation techniques can be used to isolate a solid from a liquid?
filtration
which separation techniques can be use to separate a mixture of particles with different densities and masses?
centrifuge
what separation techniques takes advantage of a solution containing tow or more compounds with different boiling points
distillation
what separation techinque separates compounds based on their different affinities for a medium
chromatography
what is the Rf value in thin layer chromatography
distance a compound travels divided by the distance the solvent travels
which separation techniques uses an electric field
electrophoresis
whats saponification
process whereby fats are hydrolyzed under basic conditions, to produce soap
products for hydrolysis of an ester?
carboxylic acid and alcohol
(t/f) isoelectric focusing uses a gel with a pH gradient to separate proteins based on their isoelectric points
true
SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separates proteins based on what factor?
proteins' masses
spectroscopy for identifying functional groups
IR
how many different NMR peaks would appear for:
1.ethane
2.propane
3.1,3 dichoropropane
1. singlet
2. 1 septet, and 1 trplet
3. 1 quintet and 1 triplet
how many different types of equivalent protons are there in 1-bromo=2-chloropropane?
3 different types of equivalent protons
what kind of spectroscopy is ideal for studying of conjugated olefins?
UV
what spectroscopy ca determine the molecular weight of a compound
