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Amendment 1 (1791)
Freedom of religion (prohibiting Congress from establishing a religion and protecting the right to free exercise of religion), freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of petition.
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Amendment 2 (1791)
- Right to bear arms.
- McDonald v. Chicago
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Amendment 3 (1791)
- Prohibits the government from the quartering of soldiers during peacetime without the consent of homeowners. Engblom v. Carey
- Griswold v. Connecticut
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Amendment 4 (1791)
Guards against unwarranted searches, arrests, and seizures of property or without probable cause.
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Amendment 5 (1791)
- Right to a trial before a jury, prohibits double jeopardy, forbids punishment without due process of law, and provides that an accused person may not be compelled to testify against himself (pleading the fifth).
- Part of the Miranda Rights.
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Amendment 6 (1791)
- Right to a speedy trial.
- Part of the Miranda Rights.
- Powell v. Alabama
- United States v. Wong Kim Ark
- Gideon v. Wainwright
- Crawford v. Washington
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Amendment 7 (1791)
Assures trial by jury in civil cases.
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Amendment 8 (1791)
Forbids excessive bail or fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
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Amendment 9 (1791)
Listing of individual rights in the Constitution and Bill of Rights is not meant to be comprehensive; and that the other rights not specifically mentioned are retained by the people.
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Amendment 10 (1791)
Reserves to the states respectively, or to the people, any powers the Constitution did not delegate to the United States, nor prohibit the states from exercising.
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Amendment 11 (1795)
Clarifies judicial power over foreign nationals, and limits ability of citizens to sue states in federal courts and under federal law.
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Amendment 12 (1804)
Changes the method of presidential elections so that members of the Electoral College cast separate ballots for president and vice president.
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Amendment 13 (1865)
Abolishes slavery and authorizes Congress to enforce abolition.
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Amendment 14 (1868)
Prohibits states from abridging citizens' privileges or immunities and rights to due process and the equal protection of the law; repeals the Three-fifths compromise; prohibits repudiation of the federal debt caused by the Civil War.
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Amendment 15 (1870)
Prohibits the federal government and the states from using a citizen's race, color, or previous status as a slave as a qualification for voting.
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