A physiological change that occurs when the body is exposed to repeated exercise bouts over weeks or months. these changes generally improve the body's efficiency at rest and during exercise.
chronic adaptation
In an experimental design, the non-treated group to which the experimental group is compared.
control group
Experimental design in which the control group becomes the experimental group after the first experimental period, and vice versa.
cross-over design
A research design in which a cross section of a population is tested at one specific time and then data from groups within that population are compared.
cross-sectional research design
An exercise device that uses cycling to measure physical work.
cycle ergometer
The physiological factor that is allowed to vary as another factor (the independent variable) is manipulated. Usually plotted on the y-axis.
dependent variable
Fluctuations in physiological responses that occur during a 24 h period.
diurnal variation
A relationship between two variables in which one changes predictably as the other increases or decreases.
dose-response relationship
Study of the effects of the environment (heat, cold, altitude, hyperbaria, etc.) on the function of the body.
environmental physiology
An exercise device that allows the amount and rate of a person's physical work to be controlled (standardized) and measured.
ergometer
The study of how body structure and function are altered by exposure to acute and chronic bouts of exercise.
exercise physiology
Maintenance of a constant internal environment.
homeostasis
In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to determine the response of the dependent variable. Usually plotted on the x-axis
independent variable
A research design in which subjects are tested initially and then one or more times lter to directly measure changes over time resulting from a given intervention.
longitudinal research design
The study of the function of organisms.
physiology
The group in an intervention study that recei9ves a placebo rather than a test substance.
placebo group
The application of the concepts of exercise physiology to training athletes and enhancing sport performance.
sport physiology
Physiological adaptation to repeated bouts of exercise.
training effect
An ergometer in which a motor and pulley system drive a large belt that a person can either walk or run on.