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Which is the type of isobar spacing that would indicate a weak pressure gradient force?
Wide
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Which is the type of pressure gradient that would indicate the presence of strong winds?
Steep
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The initial movement of air toward a low-pressure area is caused by the ______.
pressure gradient force
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The forces that determine the wind direction in the atmosphere are weakened at the Earth’s surface by the ______.
force of friction
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Gradient winds move parallel to the isobars above 2000 feet AGL because they are NOT affected by the ______.
force of friction
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The surface wind, when compared with the gradient wind is of ______.
lesser speed and blows across the isobars toward low pressure
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In the Northern Hemisphere, the wind blows ______.
counterclockwise around a low
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Gradient winds blow parallel to the isobars because of the ______.
Coriolis force
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The sea breeze blows from the _______ to the _______ during the _______, and the land
breeze blows from the _______ to the _______ during the _______.
water, land, day; land, water, night
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______ and water vapor must be present in the atmosphere for precipitation to occur
Condensation nuclei
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When air contains the maximum moisture possible for a given temperature, the air is ______.
Saturated
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Which condition could produce fog, clouds, or precipitation?
RH of 100%
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Stratiform clouds are associated with ______ flight conditions
Stable
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Between what altitudes could an altostratus cloud be found?
6,500 - 20,000 AGL
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Between which altitudes could Stratus and Cumulus type clouds be found?
Surface - 6,500 AGL
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Between what altitudes could "Cirro" Cirrus type cloudes be found?
above 20,000 AGL
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Cumulonimbus clouds typically produce which type of precipitation?
Heavy showers
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Nimbostratus clouds will produce ______ precipitation
heavy steady
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______ defines air with the same temperature as the surrounding air.
Neutrally stable
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Correctly lists the four methods of lifting?
Convergence; frontal; orographic; and thermal
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If lifted air is warmer than the surrounding air, then ______ clouds will form resulting in ______ flight conditions.
Cumuliform; unstable
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If stratus clouds are present, which of the following flight conditions could be expected?
Poor visibility, steady winds, continuous precipitation, and rime icing
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What is the initiating force for all winds?
Pressure gradient
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Low pressure results from ______ air.
ascending
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How often does the jet stream position change?
Daily
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The jet stream is the narrow band of strong winds found below the ______.
Tropopause. (Avg height 30k MSL)
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Three forms of precipitation are ______, ______, and ______.
drizzle, rain, frozen
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The four principal cloud groups are high, low, middle, and ______.
special
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If stratus clouds are present, you can expect flight conditions to be?
Smooth, poor visibility
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How do Valley winds flow during the day?
They flow out
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What is the most common form of visible moisture?
Clouds
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what is the hydrological cycle?
Evaporation, condenstaion, precipitation
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What are the characteristics of a shower?
starts, stops, changes intensity rapidly, associated with cumuliform clouds
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what are the characteristics of continuous precip?
steady, changes intensity gradually, associated with stratiform clouds
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what are the characteristics of interittent precip?
stops, starts at least once during the hour, showers or steady, cumuliform or stratiform clouds
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What is the cause of freezing rain? what should you do if encountered?
Temp inversion; you should climb
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What is free convection?
When the lifted air rises with no external lifting force, due only to the parcel’s warmer temperature
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Describe the flight conditions for a stable atmosphere.
- Cloud type: Stratus
- Turbulance: Smooth
- Visibility: Poor
- Winds: Steady
- Precip: Steady
- Icing: Rime
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Descibe the flight conditions for an unstable atmosphere.
- Cloud type: Cumulus
- Turbulance: Rough
- Visibility: Good (outside cloud)
- Wind: Gusty
- Precip: Showery
- Icing: Clear
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