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Whats the difference of the Axial and Appendicular skeleton
- Axial contains the skull, vertebrae, and ribs (80 bones)
- Appendicular is all of the limbs (126 bones)
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What is the extrinsic musculature
It includes the superficial layer that connects the axial to the superior Appendicular sysem and controls limbs as well as respiratory movements
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How is the extrinsic musculature innervated
By the Anterior Rami of the spinal nerves
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What is the intrinsic musculature
This includes only the axial skeleton and controls minor movement in posture. It is intervated by the posterior Rami of the spinal nerves
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What groups are included in the extrinsic muscles
Superficial and Intermediate
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What layer is the deep muscle in
Intrinsic muscle
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Where do all axio-appendicular muscles insert
On the upper limb
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Origin of trapezius
- Medial nuchal line
- External occipital
- Protuberance
- Nuchal ligament
- Spinous processes of C7-T12
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Insertion of trapezius
- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
- Acromion
- Spine of scapula
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Innervation of trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve
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Action trapezius performs
Rotation of scapula (upward and superiorly), elevates and retracts scapula as well
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Latissimus Dorsi origin
- Spinus process of T7-12
- Thoracolumbar fascia
- Illiac crest
- Last 3-4 ribs
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Latissimus Dorsi insertion
Intertubercular groove of humerus
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Latissimus Dorsi innervation
Thoracodorsal N.
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Latissimus Dorsi action
Extend/adducts/ medially rotates humerus
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Lavator scapulae origin
Transverse process of C1-4
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Lavator scapulae insertion
Medial border of scapula
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Lavator scapulae innervation
Dorsal scapular N.
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Lavator scapulae action
Elevates scapula and rotates it downward/inferiorly
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Rhomboid major and minor origin
- Spinous process of T2-5
- Minor - nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T1
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Rhomboid major and minor insertion
Medial border of scapula
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Rhomboid major and minor innervation
Dorsal scapular N.
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Rhomboid major and minor action
Retract scapula and rotates it downward/inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall
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Serratus muscles are considered what in what layer
Intermediate
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Sarratus posterior superior origin
Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T3
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Sarratus posterior superior insertion
Superior border of ribs 2-4
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Sarratus posterior superior innervation
Intercostal nerves T1-4/T2-5
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Sarratus posterior superior action
Proprioception/elevates ribs
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Sarratus posterior inferior origin
Spinous process of T11-L2
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Sarratus posterior inferior insertion
Inferior border of ribs 8/9-12
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Sarratus posterior inferior innervation
Intercostal nerves T9-T12
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Sarratus posterior inferior action
Proprioception/depresses ribs
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Splenius capitis and cervicis origin
Nuchal ligament, spinus process of C7-T3/4
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Splenius capitis and cervicis insertion
- Capitis: mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
- Cervicis: transverse process of C1-3/4
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Splenius capitis and cervicis innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Splenius capitis and cervicis action
- Alone: lateral flexion of neck, rotate head to side of muscles
- Together: extension of head and neck
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Erector spine includes what three muscles
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, spinalis
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The nerve supply to Longissimus is
Posterior ramis of spinal nerves
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What is the difference between a sprain and strain
A sprain is just ligaments involved, a strain is tearing of muscle fibers. A sprain is worse.
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Splenius is considered superficial, deep, or intermediate muscle
Superficial
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Rectus capitus major origin
Spinous process of C2
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Rectus capitus major insertion
Lateral part of inferior nuchal line
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Rectus capitus major innervation
Suboccipital N.
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Rectus capitus major action
Extends neck and rotates to same side
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Rectus capitus minor origin
Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1
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Rectus capitus minor insertion
Medial part of inferior nuchal line
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Rectus capitus minor innervation
Suboccipital N.
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Rectus capitus minor action
Extension of neck
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Obliquus capitis inferior origin
Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C2
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Obliquus capitis inferior insertion
Transverse process of C1
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Obliquus capitis inferior innervation
Suboccipital N.
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Obliquus capitis inferior action
Rotates atlas to turn face to same side
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Obliquus capitis superior Origin
Transverse process of C1
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Obliquus capitis superior insertion
Occipital bone
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Obliquus capitis superior innervation
Suboccipital N.
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Obliquus capitis superior action
Extension of neck, lateral flexion
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The suboccipital triangle includes what muscles
Rectus capitis major, superior oblique, inferior oblique
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