10-2

carry the cell's coded genetic information and proteins

specific number of proteins

chromatins condense into chromosomes

the replicated chromosome

each cell has two of these identical "sister"

THe area where each pair of chromatids is attached

located neaer the midle of the chromatid

The period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

• -Cell grows
• -Prepares for divison
• -divides to form two daughter cels

• -G1
• -S
• -G2
• -M (mitosis)

• -G1
• -S
• -G2

• -Prophase
• -Metaphase
• -Anaphase
• -Telophase

• -Longest phase
• -Centrioles (two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope) separate
• -Centrioles in a region called the centrosome that organizes the spindle (helps separate the chromosome
• -condensed chromosomes become attached to fibers in the spindle near the centromere of each chromatid
• -chromosomes coil tightly and nuclear envelope breaks down

• -only lasts a few minutes
• -chromosomes line up across center of the cell
• -microtubules conncect centromer of each chromosome to tow poles of the spindle

• -third phase
• -centromers joining the sister chromatids split (sisters are then able to become individual chromosomes)
• -chromosomes continue to move until they have separated intwo two groups near poles of spindle
• -ends when chromosomes stop mving

• -final phase of mitosis
• -chromosomes begin to disperse into a tange of dnese material
• -nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes
• -spindle breaks apart
• -nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus

-two nuclei each with a duplicate set of chromosome is formed-in cyroplasm of a singel cell

• -occurs at the same time as telophase
• -in animal cells:
• -cell membrane is drawn inward until the cytoplasm is pinched into two equal parts (contians own nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles)

• -cell plate forms midway between devided nuclei
• -cell plate gradually develops intoa separating membrane
• -cell wall then begins to appear in the cell plate