Physiology 2

uses a transporter protien to get the molecule across the membranel. doesnt require ATP

goes against the concentration gradiant one example is the Na and K pump, 2 Na in 3 K out or vice versa. Glucose transporter which one is against the concentration gradiant, the other one with the concentration gradiant.

a desolved substance in the water (for osmosis) see hypo hyper and isotonic

high concentrations of solutes. if the solution around the blood cell is hypertonic the blood cell will shrink since the extra Na will go into the cell and make it more solute into the water.

the water and the solute is equal to the enviroment in the cell and outside.

if the area around the cell is hypotonic it has more water then solute in the cell so the cell fills with water and explodes.

a vesicle transports something usually neurotransmitters to the outside of the cell

taking particles ususally neurotransmitters and reabosrb them back into the cell using a vesicle

the difference in the electrical charge between the inner and outter membrane. ions create the electrical charge

+60

-70 mV

-90

can go both ways bidirectional. (the intercalated discs in the heart is a ex.)

unidirectional, use of chemicals and neurotransmitters

neurotransmitters transported to the synaptic terminal

movement toward the synaptic terminals

movement toward the stoma of the neuron