Pharmaceutics Exam 1

1-10 ml bolus

0.1-1 liter drip infusion

1-5 ml

0.1ml

0.1-0.5 ml

0.1-0.5 ml

1-4 ml

Beyond intestine

• administered through 1 or more layers of skin tissue or membrane
• 25% of drugs administered in hospitals

• Rapid action
• complete bioavailability
• Provide reliable drug administration
• May achieve local effects

• Pain and discomfort
• Drug cannot be recovered
• Need sterilization/quality control

any adverse condition in a patient occuring as the result of treatment by physician or surgeon

sudden blocking of an artery by clot or foreign material which has been brought to its site of lodgment by blood current

inflammation of vein. infiltration of the coats of the vein and formation of a thrombus.

causing blisters, blistering drug or agent

detectable presence of pyrogens which are the metabolic byproducts of microorganisms or dead microorganisms.

only solution, not suspension

False

introduced major concept of blood circulation in the body

First person to inject medication

introduced laminar air flow hood

543

Bolus dose

Continuous or intermittent infusion

secondary IV tubing for introducing medication into the primary line

• blunt tipped plastic cannulae
• catheter inside needle
• catheter outside needle

• Injection into a muscle mass, deep into skeltal muscle
• - slower onset of action
• - longer duration of action

Buttocks, lateral thigh, deltoid (2ml max)

• Tissues beneath the layers of skin
• Anterior surface of thigh
• outer surface of upper arm
• lower portion of abdomen
• slower absorption than IV or IM
• Volume less than 2 ml

avoid dextrose (irritation and incomplete absorption)

• the most superficial layer of skin
• volume <0.2 ML

• High concentrations delivered directly to major organs or tissues
• No dilution causes extravasation
• chemotherapy and radiopharmaceuticals

Injection into spinal column through intervertebral space

Injection into a joint space or joint fluid

injection into the heart chamber

phenomenon that occurs when one drug is mixed with others to produce a product unsuitable for administration to the patient by physico-chemical means.

• visible change in appearance
• -Ca²⁺ and PO4
• -phenobarbital and fluids with acidic pH

• chemical degridation upon mixing two drugs
• -results in toxicity or therapeutic inactivity
• PCN stable for 24h at pH 6.5

• Response produced other than intended
• - antagonism between chloramphenicol and PCN
• -TCN and PCN
• -warfarin and phytonadione
• -calcium and digoxin