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anterior (ventral)
Refers to forward or front part of the body or forward part of an organ
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posterior (dorsal)
Refers to back part of a body or organ (note, however, that the superior surface of the foot is referred to as the dorsal surface)
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caudad
Refers to parts away from the head of the body
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cephalad
Refers to parts toward the head of the body
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superior
Refers to nearer the head or situated above
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inferior
Refers to nearer the feet or situated below
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central
Refers to midarea or main part of an organ
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peripheral
Refers to parts at or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part
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medial
Refers to parts toward the median plane of the body or toward the middle of another body part
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lateral
Refers to parts away from the median plane of the body or away from the middle of another body part to the right or left
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superficial
Refers to parts near the skin or surface
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deep
Refers to parts far from the surface
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distal
Refers to parts farthest from the point of attachment, point of reference, origin, or beginning; away from center of body
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proximal
Refers to parts nearer the point of attachment, point of reference, origin, or beginning; toward the center of the body
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external
Refers to parts outside an organ or on the outside of the body
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internal
Refers to parts within or on the inside of an organ
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parietal
Refers to the wall or lining of a body cavity
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visceral
Refers to the covering of an organ
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ipsilateral
Refers to a part or parts on the same side of the body
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contralateral
Refers to a part or parts on the opposite side of the body
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palmar
Refers to the palm of the hand
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plantar
Refers to the sole of the foot
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dorsum
Refers to the top or anterior surface of the foot or to the back or posterior surface of the hand
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