ANBI140

specialized for electrical signaling over long distances

not capable of electrical signaling; in the CNS,
consist mostly of neuroglial cells

interconnect nerve cells to form circuits

portion of the nerve cell specialized for signal conduction to the next site of synaptic interaction, where input info is integrated and read out, travels different distances depending on the type of neuron and size of the species

axonal mechanism that carries signals over long
distances, self-regenerating wave of electrical activity that propagates from
its point of initiation to the terminus of the axon

process by which info encoded by action potentials
is passed on @ synaptic contacts to the next cell in the pathway

the most abundant type of synapse

secretory organelles in the presynaptic terminal of
chemical synapses; release neurotransmitters that bind to neurotransmitter
receptors

Do not participate directly in synaptic interactions like nerve cells, are more numerous than nerve cells, smaller than nerve cells, do not have axons or dendrites

Maintain the ionic setting of nerve cells

Modulate the rate of nerve signal propagation

Modulate synaptic action

Aid in recovery from neural injury

3 types of glial cells

restricted to the brain and spinal cord, starlike
appearance, maintain an appropriate chemical environment for neuronal signaling

lay down myelin (lipid-rich wrapping) around some axons

smaller cells derived from hematopoietic stem
cells, scavenger cells that remove cellular debris from sites of injury or normal cell turnover

dense tangle of dendrites, axons terminals, and glial cell processes
the region where most synaptic connectivity occurs

Basic constituents of all neural circuits

nerve cells that carry info toward the CNS

nerve cells that carry info away from the brain or
spinal cord

nerve cells that only participate in the local
aspects of a circuit

3 types of neural systems

neural systems like vision or hearing that acquire and
process info from the environment

neural systems that allow the organism to respond
to such info by generating movements

cells and circuits that lie between these well defined input and output systems, carry out complex, poorly characterized brain fxs

brain and spinal cord

types of nerve cell configuration (2)

any accumulation of cell bodies and neuropil in the
brain and spinal cord

axon tracts

sensory neurons, which link sensory receptors with
processing circuits in the CNS

local accumulations of nerve cell bodies

nerve cells send axons to the periphery that end in
specialized receptors

bundles of axons

form synapses with peripheral motor neurons that
lie in the autonomic ganglia (control
involuntary behavior)

made up of small ganglia scattered throughout the
wall of the gut