each organism has a unique combination of characteristics incoded in moclecules of
dna
the primary funciton of dna is to
store and transmit genetic information
molecuels of dna are composed of long chains of
nucleotides
whihc of the follwing are not part of a molecuel of dna
ribose
a nucleotide consists of
a sugar
phosphate group and
nitrogenous base
the part of the molecue ofor which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the
sugar
purines and pyrimidines are
bases found in nucleotides
the scienists credited with establishing the structure of dna are
watson and crick
x-ray diffraction photographs by wilkins and ranklin suggested that
dna molecuesl are arranged as a tightly coiled helix
watson and crick built models that demonstrated that
ddna is made of two chains in a double helix
chargaff's rules the base-pairing rules state that in dna
amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine and the amount of guanin equals the amount of cytosine
the base pairing rules state that the follwowing are base pairs in dna
adenine-thymine
guanine-cytosine
the addiction of nucleotides to form a complemenatary strand of dna
is catalyzed by dna polymerase
the enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed dna template bases are
dna plymerases
the funcitno of trna is to
transfer amino acids to ribosomes
which of the following types of rna carries instructions for making proteins
mRNA
DNA differs from DNA in that RNA
is somtimes single stranded
contains a d ifferent sugar molecule
contains the nigrogenous base uracil
rna is chemically similar to DNA except that its ssugars have an additional oxygen at om and athe base thymine is replaced by a structurally similar base called
uracil
RNA molecules adine is scomplementary to
uracil
during translation a ribosmome binds to
mRNA
IN ORDER FOR PROTEIN SYNTEHSIS TO OCCUR Mrna MUST MIGRATE TO THE
RIBOSOMES
during transcrioption
rna is produced
transcription proceds when RNA polymerase
binds to a promoter on a strand of DNA
transcriopiton is the pr ocess by which genetic information enoded in dna is transfered to
rna molecule
each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called
codon
the human genome contains
30,000 genes
23 chromosmoes
3.2 billion base pairs
during translation the amino acid detaches from the transfer rna molecuel and attaches to the end ofa growing protein chain when
the transfer RNA anticodon is paired up with the messenger RNA codon
the fransfer of genetic material form one cell to another which frederick griffith studied is called
fransformation
oswald avery showed that
cells missing protin and rna were able to transform r cells into s cells and kill mice but cells missing dna could not
an error in dna replciation can cause
mutations
cancer
genetic variation
hershey and chase concluded aht ______is the hereditary material in viruses
dna
the name of hte five carobn sugar that makes up a aprt of the backbone of molecueles of dna is the
deoxiribose
watson and crick determined that dna molecuels have the shape of a doubler
helix
due to the stsrict paring of nitrogenous bse pairs in DNA molecuels, the two strands are said to be __- to each other
complementary
according to base-pairing ruels for DNA adine pairs wiht___and guanine pairs iwth ___-
thyamine, cytosine
the enzyme that is responsible for replicating moleuces of dna by attaching c omplementary bases in the correct sequence is teh
dna polymerase
nzymes called helicawes are respsonsible for unwinding the dna double helix by breaking the ___bonds that hold hte comoplemntary strands together
hydrogen
he process by which dna copies iteslef is called....
dna replication
the nitrogenous bse that is found only in rna is called?
uracil
the enzyme responsible for transcribing rna is called
rna plymerase
the form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information form the dna to the ribosomes is
messenger rna
a....is a sequence of dna at the beginning of a gene that singnals rna polymerase to begin transcription
prometer
messenger rna is produced during hte process of
transcription
of tehe 64 codons of mrna 61 code for___three are ___ singansl and one is a ___signal
amino acid
stop[
start
nucleotide sequences of trna that are complemetnary to codons on mrna are called
anti codons
a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for aspecific amino acid in the syntehsis of protein is calld an ...
codon
the informaiton containd in a molecuel of messenger rna is used to make protin during hte pricess of
translation
during translation amino acids are borught to the ribosomesm by molcuesl of