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What is a change in gene frequencies within populations from generation to generation?
biological evolution
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Who is the author of the following definition "...a change in gene frequencies within populations from generation to generation..."?
E. O. Wilson
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What is E. O. Wilson's definition of biological evolution?
a change in gene frequencies within populations from generation to generation
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What is a gene?
the fundamental unit of heredity
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What is a population?
a group of interbreeding organisms
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Why is it important to understand that populations may change in gene frequencies from generation to generation rather than within a generation?
because individuals don't evolve, populations do (from generation to generation)
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Based on Stephen Jay Gould's essay "Evolution as Fact and Theory", what is a fact?
the world's data
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Based on Stephen Jay Gould's essay "Evolution as Fact and Theory", what is a theory?
structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts
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In his essay, "Evolution as Fact or Theory", Stephen Jay Gould considers organic evolution to be a fact and presents three arguments as to why. What are these arguments?
direct observational evidence, imperfections in nature, & transition fossils
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What are the four main points of Darwin's theory of evolution?
heritable variation, competition, natural selection, & adaptation or speciation
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Variation is a main point of Darwin's theory of evolution. Environment may produce variation, as when clones of plants are exposed to different amounts of sunshine. What type of variation is important in organic evolution?
heritable
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Competition between individuals of the same species or different species is an important component of Darwin's theory of evolution. What is the cause of this competition?
Populations almost always produce more individuals than there are resources to support them
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What process selects those individuals best suited to survive and reproduce within the environment they inhabit?
natural selection
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What is a simple but effective defenition of natural selection?
differential reproductive success
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At what level does natural selection work (population or individual)?
individual
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The study guide outlines four main points of Darwin's theory of evolution. Which of the four was Darwin's original idea?
natural selection or differential reproductive success
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Natural selection leads to changes in the genetic makeup of populations and thus changes in gene frequencies within populations. Which of the four main points in Darwin's theory refers to this change?
adaptation
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Individuals do not evolve. Populations do. Why?
An individual's genetic makeup is formed at conception and does not change throughout their lifetime.
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What term refers to the formation of a new species?
speciation
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What is sepciation?
the formation of a new species
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