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CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
(sye-kloe-foss-fa-mide)
(Cytoxan, CTX)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Lowered blood counts, (WBC, RBC, Platelets) Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, hair loss, loss of menstrual periods, decreased sex drive, bladder irritation, metallic taste in mouth during injection.
- NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
- Treatment of lymphomas, multiple myeloma, leukemias, mycisis fungoides, retinoblastoma, and ovarian and breast cancer
- Contact prescriber before having any vaccinations, such as measles or flu shots
- Contact prescriber if sever mout blistering or fatigue
- Also needing immediate attention would be painful urination or bloody urination, black tarry stools and unusual bruising or bleeding
- RX: Preg Cat D
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DOXORUBICIN
(dox-oh-roo-bih-sin)
(Adriamycin, Doxil, Rubex)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Hair loss, mouth sores, nausea, vomiting, lowered blood counts (WBC, RBCs and platelets) Damage to heart muscle, skin damage if drug leaks out of vein during infusion.
- NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
- Treatment of cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS
- Contact prescriber before hiving any vaccinations, such as measles of flu shots
- Contact prescriber if sever mouth blistering or fatigue.
- Also needing immediate attention would be painful urination or bloody urine, unusual bruising or bleeding, pain at injection site, any change in normal bowel patterns lasting longer than 2 days
- RX: Preg Cat D
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FLUOROURACIL
(flure-oh-yoor-a-sill)
(5-FU, Adrucil)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, Thinning or loss of hair, Skin rash and itching, skin darkening, weakness
- NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
- Treatment of cancers: colon, rectal, breast, stomach, pancreas, ovarian, cervical, bladder
- Contact prescriber before having any vaccinations, such as measles or flu shots
- contact prescriber if sever mouth blistering or fatigue
- Also needing immediate attention would be painful urination or bloody urine, black tarry stools, diarrhea, stomach pain and any unusual bruising or bleeding
- RX: Preg Cat D
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LETROZOLE
(let-roe-zoal)
(Femara)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Hot flashes, night sweats, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, muscle, joint or bone pain, excessive tiredness, muscle weakness, dizziness.
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of early breast cancer either right after surgery, radiation and or chemotherapy or five yrars after tamoxifen use. Also for breast cancer metastases
- Only for post menopausal women
- Since drug may cause or worsen osteoporosis, educate about ways to reduce risk
- Contact prescriber if chest pain or difficulty breathing
- RX: Preg Cat D
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MERCAPTOPURINE
(mer-kap-toe-pyoor-een)
(6-MP, Leukerin, Mercaleukin, Purinethol)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Low blood counts, mouth sores, skin reash, acne, nausea, abnormal liver function
- NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
- Treatment of leukemia, many types of autoimmune diseases, some anemias, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, ulcerative colitis
- contact prescriber before having any vaccinations, such as measles or flu shots
- contact prescriber if painful urination or bloody urine, black tarry stools, diarrhea, stomach pain and any unusual bruising or bleeding
- RX: Preg Cat D
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METHOTREXATE
(meth-oh-trex-ate)
(Trexall, Rheumatrex, Amethopterin, MTX, Mexate, Emtexate, Metatrexan, Methopterin, Folex)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Abnormal liver function tests, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, upset stomach, alopecia, skin and eye sensitivity to sunlight, anemia
- NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
- Treatment of cancer, mycosis fungoides, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, crohn's disease
- Avoid crowds of people with known infections
- Monitor for pulmonary toxicity, which may manifest early as a dry, nonproductive cough
- Do not take ASA or other NSAIDs which may cause GI bleeding
- Do not drink alcohol while taking methotrexate
- If for rheumatoid arthritis treatment, can take 3-6 weeks or longer for full effect
- Contact prescriber if chest pain, fainting, vision problems, difficulty speaking or moving.
- RX: Preg Cat X
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PACLITAXEL
(pak-lih-tax-ell)
(Onxol, Taxol)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Low blood pressure, shortness of breath, rash, loss of hair, low blood cell counts, nerve pain
- NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
- Treatment of metatastic breast and ovarian cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer
- Patients take desamethasone (Decadron) before treatment with paclitaxel
- Contact prescriber before having any vaccinations such as measels or flu shots
- Contact prescriber if pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site, change in normal bowel patterns lasting more than 2 days and any unusual bruising or bleeding
- RX: Preg Cat D
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TAMOXIFEN
(ta-mox-i-fen)
(Nolvadex)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- nausea, vomiting, hot flashes, headache, light-headedness, rash
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Estrogen antagonist used in management of advanced breast cancer in estrogen receptor-positive patients and can be prophylaxis for women at high risk
- To decrease GI upset, take after antacid, after evening meal, before bedtime or take antiemetic 30-60 minutes ahead.
- Vaginal bleeding, pruritis, hot flashes are reversible after stopping med.
- Contact prescriber if decreased visual acuity which may be irreversibleTumor flare (increase in tumor size and increased bone pain) may occur, but will decrease rapidly; may take analgesics for pain
- RX: Preg Cat D
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THALIDOMIDE
(thah-lih-doe-mide)
(Thalomid)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- Drowsiness, dizziness, slower heartbeats, photosensitivity
- NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
- Treatment of primary brain malignancies, Kaposi's sarcoma, leprosy, lupus
- Contact prescriber if rash, fever, numbness, tingling, pain or burning sensation in hands or feet.
- Alcohol will add to drowsiness side effect. No driving or operating machinery until effects known
- Cannot give blood or donate sperm during treatment
- RX: Preg Cat X
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VINCRISTINE
(vin-kris-teen)
(Oncovin, Vincasar, Vincrex, Leurocristine)
Antineoplastic
- SIDE EFFECTS:
- bloating, nausea and vomiting, skin rash, temporary loss of hair, neurological problems
- NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
- Treatment of leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, non Hodgkin's lymphomas, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms' tumor, Kaposi's sarcoma
- Cont prescriber before having any vaccinations, such as measles or flu shots
- contact prescriber if severe mouth blistering or fatigue
- Also needing immediate attention would be increased, painful or difficult urination, tingling, numbness or cramping in the arms or legs for longer than a few days, severe abdominal or muscle cramping, talking, or seeing
- RX: Preg Cat D
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