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Disease
a pathological condition of the body tha presents a group of clinical signs symptoms and laboratory findings unique to it tat make it a separate entity
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Etiology
cause of disease
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Infectious agents
bacteria, viruses, micro organisms,
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Heredity
Transmitted by genes
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Congenital
before, during, or soon after birth (fetal alcohol)
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Environmental
Traced to air, radiation, chemicals
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Nutrition & Diet
Decreased intake, wrong unhealthy food, unable to process food
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Stress and Disease
Decrease immuse system (MS)
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Signs
objective, observable
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Symptoms
perception of the patient
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Exacerbation
s/s worsen in severisty or recur
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Remission
S/S subside or disappear Chronic Diseases
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Iatrogenic
caused by health care intervention
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Acute
Sudden onset, short term condition
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Chronic
insidious onset, long term, often progressive
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Prognosis
predicted outcome, course of disease (how long will they live)
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Functional Prognosis
Predicted level of funcion at discharge from therapy
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Subclinical State
Pathological changes have occurred without S/S
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Latent Stage
infectious organism present but no s/s (Bacteria, virus)
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Prodromal period
Non-specific signs such as fatigue, malaise
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Precipitating Factor
a condition or factor that triggers an exacerbation or acute episode of a disease
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Complications / Secondary impairments
additional problems tat arise after the original disease
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Morbidity
disease rate within a group
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Mortality
relative 3 of deaths from a particular disease
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Structural Disease at the cellular level
on in which there is an abnormal structure of cells tissue or organs
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Functional Disease
Abnormal function of normal looking tissue
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Atrophy
decrease in size of cell
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Hypertrophy
increase in size of cells
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Hyperplasia
Increase in number of cells
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Metaplasia
- one mature cell type is replaced with another cell type
- lack of vitamin A or smoking
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Dysplasia
- Cells vary in size and shape- random
- Chronic infection precancerous cancer
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Anaplasia
loss of cellular differentiation and function characteristic of most malignancies
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Neoplasm
Mean "new growth" commonly called a tumor
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Structural Changes
cellular swelling accumulation of lipid inside cell
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Necrosis
a group of cell die
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Infarction
dead cells reulting from lack of O2
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Gangrene
an area of necrotic tissue invaded by bacteria
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